<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2025-17-3-65-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-1066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ некоторых полиморфных вариантов гена IFNAR1 у ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of some IFNAR1 gene polymorphisms in HIV-infected patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна  — кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией иммунологии и  вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p><p> 197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ostankova Yulia Vladimirovna</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыденко Владимир Сергеевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции </p><p> 197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir_david@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щемелев Александр Николаевич — кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тотолян Арег Артемович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии </p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Останкова Ю.В., Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Тотолян А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Davydenko V.S., Schemelev A.N., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1066">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1066</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью нашей работы было изучение генотипического и аллельного распределения некоторых полиморфных вариантов гена IFNAR1 у ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц и оценка ассоциации выявленных вариантов с ВИЧ-инфекцией.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования послужили образцы цельной крови, полученные от ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц с вирусологической неэффективностью применяемой антиретровирусной терапии (n=378) и практически здоровых лиц (n=319). Осуществляли секвенирование всех экзонов гена IFNAR1 с частичным охватом фланкирующих интронных последовательностей, включая анализ промоторного участка и значительного по протяженности интронного сегмента в области, предшествующей промотору, с последующим анализом полученных нуклеотидных последовательностей.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Показана статистически значимая связь с ВИЧ-инфекцией трех полиморфных вариантов гена IFNAR1: rs2843710 (–654 C/G), rs2257167 (4 экзон, 18339G&gt;C: Val168Leu), rs2856973 (10 интрон, 28767 A&gt;T). Распределение генотипов всех исследуемых полиморфных вариантов в анализируемых группах соответствовало равновесию Харди–Вайнберга. Показано достоверное отличие в распределении генотипов между ВИЧ-инфицированными лицами и  контрольной группой: rs2843710  — х 2=9,624 при p=0,0081, rs2257167  — х2=8,623 при p=0,0134, rs2856973 — х2=10,447 при p=0,0054. Показана ассоциация гомозиготного генотипа C/C и минорного аллеля C локуса rs2257167 с предрасположенностью к ВИЧ-инфекции, в то время как генотипы G/G (rs2843710) и T/T (rs2856973) вместе с соответствующими аллелями G и T проявляют выраженный протективный эффект.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Настоящее исследование раскрывает взаимосвязь между полиморфизмом гена IFNAR1 и предрасположенностью к ВИЧ-инфекции, демонстрируя его значимую, но не исключительную роль в развитии заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to examine the genotypic and allelic distribution of certain polymorphic variants of the IFNAR1 gene in HIV-positive patients and evaluate their association with HIV infection.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study material consisted of whole blood samples obtained from HIV-infected individuals with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (n=378) and apparently healthy individuals (n=319). We performed sequencing of all exons of the IFNAR1 gene with partial coverage of flanking intronic sequences, including analysis of the promoter region and a substantial intronic segment in the pre-promoter region, followed by analysis of the obtained nucleotide sequences.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. We demonstrated statistically significant associations with HIV infection for three polymorphic variants of the IFNAR1 gene: rs2843710 (–654 C/G), rs2257167 (exon 4, 18339G&gt;C: Val168Leu), and rs2856973 (intron 10, 28767 A&gt;T). The genotype distribution of all studied polymorphic variants in the analyzed groups conformed to HardyWeinberg equilibrium. Significant differences in genotype distribution were shown between HIV-infected individuals and the control group: rs2843710 — х2=9.624 at p=0.0081; rs2257167 — х2=8.623 at p=0.0134; rs2856973 — х2=10.447 at p=0.0054. The homozygous C/C genotype and minor C allele of rs2257167 locus were associated with predisposition to HIV infection, while the G/G (rs2843710) and T/T (rs2856973) genotypes along with their corresponding G and T alleles demonstrated a pronounced protective effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This study reveals an association between IFNAR1 gene polymorphisms and a predisposition to HIV infection, demonstrating their significant, albeit non-exclusive, role in the disease development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие вирус-хозяин</kwd><kwd>IFNAR1</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>прогностические маркеры</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>virus-host interaction</kwd><kwd>IFNAR1</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>prognostic markers</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global HIV &amp; AIDS statistics — Fact sheet / UNAIDS 2024 epidemiological estimates. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/factsheet (access date: 14.08.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global HIV &amp; AIDS statistics — Fact sheet / UNAIDS 2024 epidemiological estimates. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/factsheet (access date: 14.08.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMyn N.F., Varriale J., Fray E.J., Zitzmann C., MacLeod H., Lai J., Singhal A., Moskovljevic M., Garcia M.A., Lopez B.M., Hariharan V., Rhodehouse K., Lynn K., Tebas P., Mounzer K., Montaner L.J., Benko E., Kovacs C., Hoh R., Simonetti F.R., Laird G.M., Deeks S.G., Ribeiro R.M., Perelson A.S., Siliciano R.F., Siliciano J.M. The latent reservoir of inducible, infectious HIV-1 does not decrease despite decades of antiretroviral therapy // J. Clin. Invest. 2023. Vol. 133, No. 17. Р. e171554. doi: 10.1172/JCI171554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMyn N.F., Varriale J., Fray E.J., Zitzmann C., MacLeod H., Lai J., Singhal A., Moskovljevic M., Garcia M.A., Lopez B.M., Hariharan V., Rhodehouse K., Lynn K., Tebas P., Mounzer K., Montaner L.J., Benko E., Kovacs C., Hoh R., Simonetti F.R., Laird G.M., Deeks S.G., Ribeiro R.M., Perelson A.S., Siliciano R.F., Siliciano J.M. The latent reservoir of inducible, infectious HIV-1 does not decrease despite decades of antiretroviral therapy // J. Clin. Invest. 2023. Vol. 133, No. 17. Р. e171554. doi: 10.1172/JCI171554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schemelev A.N., Davydenko V.S., Ostankova Y.V., Reingardt D.E., Serikova E.N., Zueva E.B., Totolian A.A. Involvement of Human Cellular Proteins and Structures in Realization of the HIV Life Cycle: A Comprehensive Review, 2024 // Viruses. 2024. Vol. 16. Р. 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schemelev A.N., Davydenko V.S., Ostankova Y.V., Reingardt D.E., Serikova E.N., Zueva E.B., Totolian A.A. Involvement of Human Cellular Proteins and Structures in Realization of the HIV Life Cycle: A Comprehensive Review, 2024 // Viruses. 2024. Vol. 16. Р. 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16111682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov S., Lagunin A., Filimonov D., Tarasova O. Network-based analysis of OMICs data to understand the HIV-host interaction // Front. Microbiol. 2020. Vol. 11. Р. 1314. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov S., Lagunin A., Filimonov D., Tarasova O. Network-based analysis of OMICs data to understand the HIV-host interaction // Front. Microbiol. 2020. Vol. 11. Р. 1314. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendricks C.M., Cordeiro T., Gomes A.P., Stevenson M. The Interplay of HIV-1 and Macrophages in Viral Persistence // Front Microbiol. 2021. Vol. 12. Р. 646447. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendricks C.M., Cordeiro T., Gomes A.P., Stevenson M. The Interplay of HIV-1 and Macrophages in Viral Persistence // Front Microbiol. 2021. Vol. 12. Р. 646447. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delannoy A., Poirier M., Bell B. Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies // Viruses. 2019. Vol. 11, No. 3. Р. 269. doi: 10.3390/v11030269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delannoy A., Poirier M., Bell B. Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies // Viruses. 2019. Vol. 11, No. 3. Р. 269. doi: 10.3390/v11030269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balasubramaniam M., Pandhare J., Dash C. Immune Control of HIV // J. Life Sci. (Westlake Village). 2019. Vol. 1, No. 1. Р. 4–37. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6714987/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balasubramaniam M., Pandhare J., Dash C. Immune Control of HIV // J. Life Sci. (Westlake Village). 2019. Vol. 1, No. 1. Р. 4–37. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6714987/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swiecki M., Colonna M. Type I interferons: diversity of sources, production pathways and effects on immune responses // Curr. Opin Virol. 2011. Vol. 1, No. 6. Р. 463–475. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swiecki M., Colonna M. Type I interferons: diversity of sources, production pathways and effects on immune responses // Curr. Opin Virol. 2011. Vol. 1, No. 6. Р. 463–475. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali S., Mann-Nüttel R., Schulze A., Richter L., Alferink J., Scheu S. Sources of Type I Interferons in Infectious Immunity: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Not Always in the Driver’s Seat // Front Immunol. 2019. Vol. 10. Р. 778. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00778.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali S., Mann-Nüttel R., Schulze A., Richter L., Alferink J., Scheu S. Sources of Type I Interferons in Infectious Immunity: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Not Always in the Driver’s Seat // Front Immunol. 2019. Vol. 10. Р. 778. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00778.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen N.V., Tran J.T., Sanchez D.J. HIV blocks Type I IFN signaling through disruption of STAT1 phosphorylation // Innate Immun. 2018. Vol. 24, No. 8. Р. 490–500. doi: 10.1177/1753425918803674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen N.V., Tran J.T., Sanchez D.J. HIV blocks Type I IFN signaling through disruption of STAT1 phosphorylation // Innate Immun. 2018. Vol. 24, No. 8. Р. 490–500. doi: 10.1177/1753425918803674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Qian G., Zhu L., Zhao Z., Liu Y., Han W., Zhang X., Zhang Y., Xiong T., Zeng H., Yu X., Yu X., Zhang X., Xu J., Zou Q., Yan D. HIV-1 Vif suppresses antiviral immunity by targeting STING // Cell Mol Immunol. 2022. Vol. 19, No. 1. Р. 108–121. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00802-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Qian G., Zhu L., Zhao Z., Liu Y., Han W., Zhang X., Zhang Y., Xiong T., Zeng H., Yu X., Yu X., Zhang X., Xu J., Zou Q., Yan D. HIV-1 Vif suppresses antiviral immunity by targeting STING // Cell Mol Immunol. 2022. Vol. 19, No. 1. Р. 108–121. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00802-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Серикова Е.Н., Ануфриева Е.В., Басина В.В., Машков И.А., Ширшова Н.Ю., Кусевицкая М.Б., Горская О.А., Тотолян А.А. Прогностическая оценка развития гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы на основе определения полиморфизма гена человека IFNAR-1 и/или его экспрессии // Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2024. Т. 69, № 7. С. 349–357. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2024-69-7-349-357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Serikova E.N., Anufrieva E.V., Basina V.V., Mashkov I.A., Shirshova N.Yu., Kusevitskaya M.B., Gorskaya O.A., Totolian A.A. Prognostic assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma development based on the determination of human IFNAR-1 gene polymorphism and/or its expression. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 2024, Vol. 69, No. 7, рр. 349–357 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diop G., Hirtzig T., Do H., Coulonges C., Vasilescu A., Labib T., Spadoni J.L., Therwath A., Lathrop M., Matsuda F., Zagury J.F. Exhaustive genotyping of the interferon alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1) gene and association of an IFNAR1 protein variant with AIDS progression or susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in a French AIDS cohort // Biomed Pharmacother. 2006. Vol. 60, No. 9. Р. 569–577. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2006.08.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diop G., Hirtzig T., Do H., Coulonges C., Vasilescu A., Labib T., Spadoni J.L., Therwath A., Lathrop M., Matsuda F., Zagury J.F. Exhaustive genotyping of the interferon alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1) gene and association of an IFNAR1 protein variant with AIDS progression or susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in a French AIDS cohort // Biomed Pharmacother. 2006. Vol. 60, No. 9. Р. 569–577. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2006.08.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salanti G., Amountza G., Ntzani E.E., Ioannidis J.P. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetic association studies: an empirical evaluation of reporting, deviations, and power // Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2005. Vol. 13, No. 7. Р. 840–848. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salanti G., Amountza G., Ntzani E.E., Ioannidis J.P. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetic association studies: an empirical evaluation of reporting, deviations, and power // Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2005. Vol. 13, No. 7. Р. 840–848. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pekkoc-Uyanik K.C., Todurga-Seven Z.G., Shahzadi A., Sonmez H., Mercan S., Mete B., Tabak F. Next-generation sequencing of CCR5, CXCR4, and IFNAR1 variants in relation to HIV-1 disease progression and ART response // Sci. Rep. 2025. Vol. 15, No. 1. Р. 26511. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11843-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pekkoc-Uyanik K.C., Todurga-Seven Z.G., Shahzadi A., Sonmez H., Mercan S., Mete B., Tabak F. Next-generation sequencing of CCR5, CXCR4, and IFNAR1 variants in relation to HIV-1 disease progression and ART response // Sci. Rep. 2025. Vol. 15, No. 1. Р. 26511. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11843-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mhandire D.Z., Mhandire K., Magadze M., Wonkam A., Kengne A.P., Dandara C. Genetic variation in toll like receptors 2, 7, 9 and interleukin6 is associated with cytomegalovirus infection in late pregnancy // BMC Med. Genet. 2020. Vol. 21, No. 1. Р. 113. doi: 10.1186/s12881-020-01044-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mhandire D.Z., Mhandire K., Magadze M., Wonkam A., Kengne A.P., Dandara C. Genetic variation in toll like receptors 2, 7, 9 and interleukin6 is associated with cytomegalovirus infection in late pregnancy // BMC Med. Genet. 2020. Vol. 21, No. 1. Р. 113. doi: 10.1186/s12881-020-01044-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou R., Zhang G., Li S., Wang W., Yuan J., Li J., Wang Y., Lin Y., Deng Y., Zhou B., Gao G.F., Liu Y. A functional polymorphism in IFNAR1 gene is associated with susceptibility and severity of HFMD with EV71 infection // Sci Rep. 2015. Vol. 5. Р. 18541. doi: 10.1038/srep18541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou R., Zhang G., Li S., Wang W., Yuan J., Li J., Wang Y., Lin Y., Deng Y., Zhou B., Gao G.F., Liu Y. A functional polymorphism in IFNAR1 gene is associated with susceptibility and severity of HFMD with EV71 infection // Sci Rep. 2015. Vol. 5. Р. 18541. doi: 10.1038/srep18541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng L., Yu H., Li G., Li F., Ma J., Li J., Chi L., Zhang L., Su L. Type I interferons suppress viral replication but contribute to T cell depletion and dysfunction during chronic HIV-1 infection // JCI Insight. 2017. Vol. 2, No. 12. e94366. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.94366. 1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng L., Yu H., Li G., Li F., Ma J., Li J., Chi L., Zhang L., Su L. Type I interferons suppress viral replication but contribute to T cell depletion and dysfunction during chronic HIV-1 infection // JCI Insight. 2017. Vol. 2, No. 12. e94366. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.94366. 1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh H., Ojeda-Juárez D., Maung R., Shah R., Roberts A.J., Kaul M. A pivotal role for Interferon-a receptor-1 in neuronal injury induced by HIV-1 // J. Neuroinflammation. 2020. Vol. 17, No. 1. Р. 226. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01894-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh H., Ojeda-Juárez D., Maung R., Shah R., Roberts A.J., Kaul M. A pivotal role for Interferon-a receptor-1 in neuronal injury induced by HIV-1 // J. Neuroinflammation. 2020. Vol. 17, No. 1. Р. 226. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01894-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
