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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2025-17-4-34-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-1097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности белков TAT, REV и VPU ВИЧ-1 суб-субтипа А6 у пациентов с установленным диагнозом СПИД</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of TAT, REV, and VPU proteins of HIV-1 Sub-subtype A6 in patients with an established diagnosis of AIDS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0430-1578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протасова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protasova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Протасова Лариса Анатольевна - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisa.protasova.03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-9846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Анастасия Александровна - кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastaseika95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-6248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голидонова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golidonova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голидонова Кристина Андреевна — научный сотрудник лаборатории переносчиков инфекций</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kristi.dekor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-5590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крупинская</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krupinskaya</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крупинская Екатерина Сергеевна - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории переносчиков инфекций</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katekrupp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0372-5563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырева</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyreva</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богатырева Татьяна Игоревна - заместитель главного врача по медицинской части</p><p>295006, Республика Крым, Симферополь, ул. А. Невского, д. 27а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatyan-alferova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1647-0926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глинкина</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glinkina</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глинкина Лариса Николаевна - научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laress77@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-1419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прилипов</surname><given-names>A. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prilipov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прилипов Алексей Геннадьевич - доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной генетики</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_prilipov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-3081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Анна Игоревна - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuznetsova Anna Igorevna</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-myznikova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н. Ф. Гамалеи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Протасова Л.А., Антонова А.А., Голидонова К.А., Крупинская Е.С., Богатырева Т.И., Глинкина Л.Н., Прилипов A.Г., Кузнецова А.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Протасова Л.А., Антонова А.А., Голидонова К.А., Крупинская Е.С., Богатырева Т.И., Глинкина Л.Н., Прилипов A.Г., Кузнецова А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Protasova L.A., Antonova A.A., Golidonova K.A., Krupinskaya E.S., Bogatyreva T.I., Glinkina L.N., Prilipov A.G., Kuznetsova A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1097">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1097</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучить характеристики вирусных белков Tat, Rev и Vpu у пациентов, инфицированных вариантами ВИЧ-1 суб-субтипа А6 с подтвержденным диагнозом СПИД.Материалы и методы. Проводился сравнительный анализ генетического разнообразия белков в двух группах пациентов: с установленным диагнозом СПИД (25 человек) и без установленного диагноза СПИД (62 человека). Анализировались образцы цельной крови пациентов, наблюдавшихся в ГБУЗ Республики Крым «Центре профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом». Проводили выделение провирусной ДНК, амплификацию соответствующих областей генома, генотипирование, перевод последовательностей нуклеотидов в последовательность аминокислот, выявление аминокислотных замен с достоверно значимой разницей в частоте встречаемости в двух анализируемых группах.Результаты и их обсуждение. Все пациенты, вошедшие в исследование, были инфицированы ВИЧ-1 суб-субтипа А6. У пациентов с установленным диагнозом СПИД следующие замены встречались достоверно чаще: в Tat — T77A и T97P, в Rev — V16A, Q74H, R50N, в Vpu — V10I, L33I. Большинство обозначенных замен расположены в позициях, перекрывающихся линейными эпитопами, что может свидетельствовать о селективном давлении иммунной системы по обозначенным позициям.Заключение. Замены V16A в Rev и V10I в Vpu отмечены для проведения дополнительного изучения, так как расположены в позициях аминокислотных остатков, потенциально вовлеченных во взаимодействия с ингибиторами функциональной активности данных белков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim. To study the characteristics of the viral proteins Tat, Rev and Vpu in patients infected with HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 variants with a confirmed diagnosis of AIDS.Materials and methods. The comparative analysis of the genetic diversity in proteins was conducted in two groups of patients: with an established diagnosis of AIDS (25 people) and without an established diagnosis of AIDS (62). Whole blood samples from patients observed at the AIDS Prevention and Control Center of the Republic of Crimea were analyzed. Proviral DNA was isolated, the corresponding genomic regions were amplified, genotyping was performed, nucleotide sequences were converted to amino acid sequences, and amino acid substitutions with significantly different frequencies were identified between the two groups.Results and discussion. All patients included in the study were infected with HIV-1 subtype A6. The following substitutions were significantly more common in patients diagnosed with AIDS: T77A and T97P — in Tat, V16A, Q74H and R50N — in Rev, V10I and L33I — in Vpu. Most of these substitutions are located at positions overlapping linear epitopes, which may indicate selective pressure from the immune system at these positions.Conclusion. V16A in Rev and V10I in Vpu are marked for further study, as they are located at amino acid residue positions potentially involved in interactions with the inhibitors of the functional activity of these proteins.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>СПИД</kwd><kwd>суб-субтип А6</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-1</kwd><kwd>AIDS</kwd><kwd>sub-subtype A6</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда № 23–15–00027, https://rscf.ru/project/23–15–00027.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaw G.M., Hunter E. 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