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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2025-17-4-44-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-1098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Селективное усиление связывания белка PNOC с корецепторами ВИЧ-1 CCR5 и CXCR4 под действием миссенс-мутаций: вычислительный анализ и прогноз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Selective enhancement of PNOC protein binding to HIV-1 co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 by missense mutations: a computational analysis and prediction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыденко Владимир Сергеевич - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции, аспирант</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir_david@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щемелев Александр Николаевич - кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shchemelev Aleksandr Nikolaevich</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тотолян Арег А.- академик Российской академии наук, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Тотолян А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydenko V.S., Shchemelev A.N., Ostankova Y.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1098">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1098</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью данного исследования стала систематическая in silico оценка влияния естественных миссенс-мутаций PNOC на стабильность и энергию связывания его комплексов с CCR5 и CXCR4 для идентификации вариантов с повышенной аффинностью, потенциально пригодных для ингибирования вирусного проникновения.Материалы и методы. Методами молекулярного моделирования с использованием алгоритма AlphaFold были построены трехмерные структуры комплексов белка PNOC дикого типа с CCR5 и CXCR4. На их основе с помощью программы FoldX смоделированы мутантные варианты PNOC, локализованные в сайтах контакта с рецепторами. Для количественной оценки эффекта мутаций проводились расчет изменения свободной энергии стабильности комплекса (∆Stability) и энергии взаимодействия между белками (∆Connection), анализ изменения количества атомарных контактов (∆Contacts) и прогноз функциональной значимости замен с помощью алгоритма PolyPhen-2.Результаты и их обсуждение. Показано, что PNOC дикого типа обладает более высокой предсказанной аффинностью к CXCR4 по сравнению с CCR5. Для комплекса PNOC-CCR5 был идентифицирован один кандидат (E50K), полностью удовлетворяющий строгим критериям отбора (снижение ∆Stability и ∆Connection, сохранение количества контактов, статус «benign»). Для комплекса PNOC-CXCR4 выявлен более широкий спектр значимых мутаций, среди которых четыре (F14L, S20N, R23K, V43M) соответствовали всем критериям. Особый интерес представляют мутации с селективным действием: E50K (улучшает связывание с CCR5, но ухудшает с CXCR4) и F14L (единственная мутация, улучшающая параметры связывания с обоими рецепторами).Заключение. Впервые проведен систематический вычислительный анализ влияния миссенс-мутаций PNOC на его взаимодействие с корецепторами ВИЧ-1. Идентифицированы конкретные аминокислотные замены (E50K для CCR5; F14L, Q22P и другие для CXCR4), которые статистически значимо улучшают энергию связывания и стабильность комплексов. Эти мутантные формы PNOC представляют собой перспективных кандидатов для дальнейшей экспериментальной проверки их способности ингибировать связывание вируса с клеткой-мишенью и могут рассматриваться в качестве основы для разработки новых стратегий противовирусной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was a systematic in silico evaluation of the effect of natural missense mutations in PNOC on the stability and binding energy of its complexes with CCR5 and CXCR4 to identify variants with enhanced affinity, potentially suitable for inhibiting viral entry.Materials and methods. Three-dimensional structures of wild-type PNOC protein complexes with CCR5 and CXCR4 were built using molecular modeling methods with the AlphaFold algorithm. Based on these, mutant PNOC variants localized at the receptor contact sites were modeled using the FoldX program. To quantitatively assess the mutation effects, we calculated the change in the complex stability free energy (∆Stability) and the protein-protein interaction energy (∆Connection), analyzed the change in the number of atomic contacts (∆Contacts), and predicted the functional impact of the substitutions using the PolyPhen-2 algorithm.Results and discussion. The wild-type PNOC was shown to have a higher predicted affinity for CXCR4 compared to CCR5. For the PNOC-CCR5 complex, one candidate (E50K) was identified that fully met the strict selection criteria (decrease in both ∆Stability and ∆Connection, preserved number of contacts, «benign» status). For the PNOC-CXCR4 complex, a broader spectrum of significant mutations was revealed, among which four (F14L, S20N, R23K, V43M) met all the criteria. Mutations with selective action are of particular interest: E50K (improves binding to CCR5 but impairs it for CXCR4) and F14L (the only mutation that improves binding parameters for both receptors).Conclusion. For the first time, a systematic computational analysis of the impact of PNOC missense mutations on its interaction with HIV-1 co-receptors has been conducted. Specific amino acid substitutions (E50K for CCR5; F14L, Q22P, and others for CXCR4) that statistically significantly improve the binding energy and complex stability have been identified. These mutant PNOC forms represent promising candidates for further experimental validation of their ability to inhibit viral binding to the target cell and can be considered as a basis for developing new strategies for antiviral therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>корецепторы CCR5 и CXCR4</kwd><kwd>белок PNOC</kwd><kwd>миссенс-мутации</kwd><kwd>молекулярное моделирование</kwd><kwd>энергия связывания</kwd><kwd>in silico</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-1</kwd><kwd>CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors</kwd><kwd>PNOC protein</kwd><kwd>missense mutations</kwd><kwd>molecular modeling</kwd><kwd>binding energy</kwd><kwd>in silico</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24–25–00479 от 29 декабря 2023 г. по теме «Оценка потенциальной значимости генетических факторов хозяина в инфицировании вирусом иммунодефицита человека и развитии заболевания». https://rscf.ru/project/24–25–00479.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Чурина М.А., Валутите Д.Э., Семенов А.В. 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