aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2026-18-1-24-36aids-1137Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЗОРЫANALYTICAL REVIEWSВирус Эпштейна–Барр и связанные с ним патологические процессы. Часть 1. Эпидемиологические и этиопатогенетические аспекты инфекции, ассоциированной с вирусом Эпштейна–БаррEpstein–Barr virus and related pathological processes. Part 1. Epidemiological and etiopathogenetic aspects of Epstein–Barr virus-associated infectionhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-5646-6203КругловаД. Д.KruglovaD. D.

Круглова Дарья Дмитриевна — аспирант; врач-инфекционист кабинета инфекционных заболеваний поликлинического отделения № 132

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14

dasha-ddb@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-0457-0102КлементьевА. М.KlementyevA. M.

Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями Ленинградской области

aklementev96@mail.ruЗагальскаяЕ. В.ZagalskayaE. V.

Загальская Екатерина Валериевна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением хронической вирусной инфекции, врач-инфекционист; доцент кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14;

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

kathrine.boeva@gmail.comБурдаеваС. С.BurdaevaS. S.

Бурдаева Софья Сергеевна — клинический ординатор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

sonia.burdaewa2014@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0101РассохинВ. В.RassokhinV. V.

Рассохин Вадим Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии; ведущий научный сотрудник

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14

ras-doc@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; Городская поликлиника № 17РоссияSt. Petersburg Pasteur Institute; City Polyclinic No. 17Russian FederationЦентр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями Ленинградской областиРоссияAIDS Center of the Leningrad regionRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. ПавловаРоссияSt. Petersburg Pasteur Institute 2S. S. Burdaeva; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. ПавловаРоссияPavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. ПавловаРоссияSt. Petersburg Pasteur Institute; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2026090520261812436Copyright © Круглова Д.Д., Клементьев А.М., Загальская Е.В., Бурдаева С.С., Рассохин В.В., 20262026Круглова Д.Д., Клементьев А.М., Загальская Е.В., Бурдаева С.С., Рассохин В.В.Kruglova D.D., Klementyev A.M., Zagalskaya E.V., Burdaeva S.S., Rassokhin V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1137

Аналитический обзор состоит из двух взаимно связанных частей, посвященных вирусу герпеса человека 4 типа, или вирусу Эпштейна–Барр (ВГЧ-4, ВЭБ). В первой части рассмотрены особенности эпидемического процесса и распространения ВЭБ-инфекции, цитоморфологические характеристики вирусной частицы, аспекты этиопатогенеза ВЭБ-ассоциированных заболеваний у человека. Особое внимание уделено уникальности молекулярно-генетических стадий и форм существования ВЭБ, факторам риска, повышающих восприимчивость к патогену, а также состояниям, способствующим реактивации вируса. Представленные сведения свидетельствуют о сложном взаимодействии патогена с иммунной системой человека, включая механизмы, способствующие пожизненной персистенции вируса в организме.

This analytical review consists of two interconnected parts devoted to human herpesvirus type 4, or Epstein–Barr virus (HHV-4, EBV). The first part examines the characteristics of the epidemic process and spread of EBV infection, the cytomorphological characteristics of the viral particle, and aspects of the etiopathogenesis of EBV-associated diseases in humans. Particular attention is paid to the unique molecular genetic stages and forms of EBV, risk factors that increase susceptibility to the pathogen, and conditions that promote viral reactivation. The presented data demonstrate a complex interaction between the pathogen and the human immune system, including mechanisms that facilitate lifelong persistence of the virus in the body.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.