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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2026-18-2-77-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-1166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патоморфоз туберкулеза кишечника в эпоху ВИЧ-инфекции: клинико-морфологические параллели и иммунные детерминанты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathomorphosis of intestinal tuberculosis in the HIV infection ERA: clinical and morphological parallels and immune determinants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетников Михаил Николаевич - кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Reshetnikov Mikhail Nikolaevich - Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taxol@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоткин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плоткин Дмитрий Владимирович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plotkin Dmitry Vladimirovich - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kn13@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1778-8437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бравый</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bravyi</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бравый Павел Александрович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bravy Pavel Aleksandrovich</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">000wert@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-8055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стерликов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sterlikov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стерликов Сергей Александрович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sterlikov Sergey Aleksandrovich - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sterlikov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Healthcare Department; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Healthcare Department; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of the Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Бравый П.А., Стерликов С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Бравый П.А., Стерликов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reshetnikov M.N., Plotkin D.V., Bravyi P.A., Sterlikov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1166">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1166</self-uri><abstract><p>Туберкулезный энтероколит (ТЭК) остается заболеванием с поздней верификацией и высокой летальностью (более 40%). Рост ВИЧ-инфекции и иммуносупрессивных состояний определяет патоморфоз ТЭК, что требует пересмотра клинико-морфологических параллелей.Цель исследования. Изучить патоморфоз туберкулеза кишечника в современных условиях и установить связь его проявлений с патогенезом и иммунным статусом пациентов.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов диагностики и лечения 217 пациентов с верифицированным ТЭК (2016–2023 гг.). Оценивались морфологические формы, клиническая картина, ВИЧ-статус, уровень CD4-лимфоцитов, характер осложнений.Результаты и их обсуждение. У всех пациентов ТЭК развился во вторичном периоде туберкулезной инфекции, 64,0% имели диссеминированный туберкулез легких. ВИЧ-инфекция выявлена у 60,8%. Язвенная форма ТЭК преобладала у ВИЧ-позитивных (82,6% против 58,8%; p=0,00036), а инфильтративная и смешанная — у ВИЧ-негативных больных. Диарея (94,9%) и кишечное кровотечение (100,0%) оказались патогномоничны для язвенного ТЭК. Осложнения возникали в 2,4 раза чаще при ВИЧ (p=0,003); перфорации и кровотечения — при CD4&lt;200 кл/мкл, острая кишечная непроходимость — при сохранном иммунитете.Заключение. Морфологическая форма ТЭК является отражением глубины иммунодефицита. Язвенный ТЭК следует рассматривать как оппортунистическое состояние, ассоциированное с ВИЧ и тяжелой иммуносупрессией. Необходим активный скрининг абдоминального туберкулеза у пациентов с диссеминированным туберкулезом легких и коинфекцией ВИЧ/ТБ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intestinal tuberculosis (TEC) remains a disease with late verification and a high mortality rate (over 40%). The increase in the number of cases of HIV infection and immunosuppressive states determines the pathomorphosis of TEC, which requires a revision of clinical and morphological parallels.The aim. To study the pathomorphosis of intestinal tuberculosis in modern conditions and to establish the interaction between its manifestations and the pathogenesis and immune status of patients.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the diagnostic and treatment results of 217 patients with confirmed TEC was conducted (2016–2023). The morphological forms, clinical picture, HIV status, CD4-lymphocyte count, and nature of complications were assessed.Results and discussion. All patients developed intestinal tuberculosis during the secondary period of tuberculosis infection, with 64,0% having disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. HIV infection was detected in 60,8% of cases. The ulcerative form of intestinal tuberculosis predominated among HIV-positive patients (82,6% vs. 58,8%; p=0,00036), whereas the infiltrative and mixed forms were more common in HIV-negative patients. Diarrhea (94,9%) and intestinal bleeding (100,0%) were pathognomonic for ulcerative TEC. Complications were 2.4 times more frequently in HIV patients (p=0,003); perforation and bleeding appeared in CD4&lt;200 cells/μL, and acute intestinal obstruction (AIO) occurred with intact immunity.Conclusion. The morphological form of TEC reflects the severity of immunodeficiency. Ulcerative TEC should be considered as an opportunistic infection associated with HIV and severe immunosuppression. Active screening for abdominal tuberculosis is necessary in patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV/TB co-infection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез кишечника</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>морфологические формы</kwd><kwd>перфорации туберкулезных язв кишечника</kwd><kwd>острая кишечная непроходимость</kwd><kwd>кишечное крово</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>morphological forms</kwd><kwd>perforations of intestinal tuberculosis ulcers</kwd><kwd>acute intestinal obstruction</kwd><kwd>intestinal bleeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monreal-Robles R., González-González J.A., Sordia-Ramírez J. et al. High mortality due to gastrointestinal TB in HIV and non-HIV patients // Int. J. Tuberc. Lung. Dis. 2022. Vol. 26, No. 4. 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