aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2014-6-2-25-40aids-19Research ArticleРЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯEDITORIALПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ ВИЧ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ НЕЙРОКОГНИТИВНЫХ РАССТРОЙСТВPATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HIV-ASSOCIATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERSГайсинаАлександра ВладимировнаGaisinaA. V.allysrb@yandex.ruРассохинВадим ВладимировичRassokhinV. V.noemail@neicon.ruДементьеваНаталья ЕвгеньевнаDement'yevaN. Ye.noemail@neicon.ruБеляковНиколай АлексеевичBelyakovN. A.noemail@neicon.ruСанкт-Петербургский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П.ПавловаРоссияSaint-Petersburg Center for Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases; First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint-PetersburgRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями; НИИ экспериментальной медицины РАНРоссияSaint-Petersburg Center for Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases; Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian AcademyRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П.Павлова; НИИ экспериментальной медицины РАНРоссияSaint-Petersburg Center for Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases; First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint-Petersburg; Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian AcademyRussian Federation201430062014622540Copyright © Гайсина А.В., Рассохин В.В., Дементьева Н.Е., Беляков Н.А., 20142014Гайсина А.В., Рассохин В.В., Дементьева Н.Е., Беляков Н.А.Gaisina A.V., Rassokhin V.V., Dement'yeva N.Y., Belyakov N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/19

ВИЧ-ассоциированные нейрокогнитивные расстройства различной степени выраженности встречаются у 69% пациентов с неопределяемой вирусной нагрузкой ВИЧ, несмотря на применение высокоэффективной антиретровирусной терапии. Наиболее частым патоморфологическим субстратом при поражении головного мозга является ВИЧ-энцефалит, вместе с тем встречаются и другие клинико-морфологические варианты поражения центральной нервной системы. В представленном обзоре данных литературы по патофизиологии ВИЧ-ассоциированных нейрокогнитивных расстройств рассмотрены факторы риска развития неврологических и когнитивных нарушений, проанализированы этиологические факторы, существующие подходы к их классификации и ранней диагностики.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders of different degrees of severity are found, in spite of HAART administration, in 60% of HIV patients having undetectable HIV loads. The most common pathology upon brain involvement is HIV-associated encephalitis, although other types of damage to the CNS are encountered. The present review of published data on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders addresses risk factors and etiology of neurological and cognitive disorders, as well as current approaches to their classification and early diagnostics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.