aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2017-9-1-22-35aids-236Research ArticleДОКЛАДЫИММУНОПАТОГЕНЕЗ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИММУНОМОДУЛИРУЮЩЕЙ ТЕРАПИИ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ. ЧАСТЬ 1. ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИММУНОЛОГИИ И ВИЧ1IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF AND PROSPECTS FOR IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION. PART 1. THE GENERAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNOLOGY AND HIVСимбирцевА. С.SimbirtsevA. S.

Симбирцев  Андрей  Семенович  — член-корреспондент РАН, зам. директора по научной работе.

197110, Санкт-Петербург, Пудожская ул., 7, тел.: +7 (812) 235-12-25, е-mail: simbirtsev@hpb-spb.com

Saint-Petersburg

simbirtsev@hpb-spb.comГосударственный Научно-исследовательский институт особо чистых биопрепаратовРоссияState Institute of Pure Biological PreparationsRussian Federation201703042017912235Copyright © Симбирцев А.С., 20172017Симбирцев А.С.Simbirtsev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/236

Инфицирование вирусом иммунодефицита человека ведет к снижению числа и нарушению функций Т-лимфоцитов, приводя к формированию иммунодефицитного состояния, развитию оппортунистических инфекций и рака. Парадокс инфекции вирусом иммунодефицита человека связан с одновременной активацией иммунной системы, главным образом врожденного иммунитета и синтеза цитокинов с развитием хронического системного воспаления. Иммунный ответ против данного вируса развивается сразу после инфицирования, но неэффективен для удаления вируса из организма, в том числе из-за активного противодействия самого вируса. Антиретровирусная терапия подавляет репликацию вируса иммунодефицита человека до минимального уровня и частично восстанавливает работу иммунной системы, однако у ряда больных это приводит к серьезным осложнениям в виде развития воспалительного синдрома иммунного восстановления (immunereconstitution  inflammatorysyndrome, IRIS). Иммунотерапия при инфекции вирусом иммунодефицита человека направлена на предотвращение инфицирования и распространения вируса путем профилактической и лечебной вакцинации, в том числе пассивной вакцинации широко нейтрализующими моноклональными антителами и антихемокиновыми препаратами, а также на восстановление нарушенного иммунитета и коррекцию осложнений.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection results in decreases counts and compromised functions of T-cells and the associated immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and cancer. The paradox of HIV infection is that all this occurs upon the activation of the immune system, mainly inborn immunity, and increased production of cytokines leading to chronic systemic inflammation. The immune response to HIV is evoked immediately upon infection; however, it fails to eliminate HIV, partly because of the active resistance  of HIV to host immunity. Antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication to a minimum and to somewhat restore the immune system; however, in many patients  this is associated with serious complication manifested as the immune reconstitution  inflammatory syndrome, IRIS. Immunotherapy  for HIV infection is meant to prevent HIV infection and spread by preventive and therapeutic vaccination, including passive vaccination with broad-specificity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and the use of anti-chemokine  drugs and to restore immunity and to mitigate complications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.