aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2017-9-3-7-15aids-271Research ArticleДОКЛАДИММУНОПАТОГЕНЕЗ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИММУНОМОДУЛИРУЮЩЕЙ ТЕРАПИИ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ Часть 2. МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫIMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF AND PROSPECTS FOR IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION Part 2. MEDICAL ISSUESСимбирцевА. С.SimbirtsevA. S.

член-корреспондент РАН, зам. директора по научной работе ФГУП «Государственный научно-исследовательский институт особо чистых биопрепаратов» ФМБА России, +7 812 235-12-25, 197110, Санкт-Петербург, Пудожская ул., 7

Saint-Petersburg

simbirtsev@hpb-spb.comФГУП «Государственный научно-исследовательский институт особо чистых биопрепаратов» ФМБА РоссииРоссияState Institute of Pure Biological PreparationsRussian Federation20172310201793715Copyright © Симбирцев А.С., 20172017Симбирцев А.С.Simbirtsev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/271

Инфицирование вирусом иммунодефицита человека ведет к снижению числа и нарушению функций Т-лимфоцитов, при- водя к формированию иммунодефицитного состояния, развитию оппортунистических инфекций и рака. Парадокс инфекции вирусом иммунодефицита человека связан с одновременной активацией иммунной системы, главным образом врожденного иммунитета и синтеза цитокинов с развитием хронического системного воспаления. Иммунный ответ против данного вируса развивается сразу после инфицирования, но неэффективен для удаления вируса из организма, в том числе из-за активного противодействия самого вируса. Антиретровирусная терапия подавляет репликацию вируса иммунодефицита человека до минимального уровня и частично восстанавливает работу иммунной системы, однако у ряда больных это приводит к серьезным осложнениям в виде развития воспалительного синдрома иммунного восстановления (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, IRIS). Иммунотерапия при инфекции вирусом иммунодефицита человека направлена на предотвращение инфицирования и распространения вируса путем профилактической и лечебной вакцинации, в том числе пассивной вакцинации широко нейтрализующими моноклональными антителами и антихемокиновыми препаратами, а также на восстановление нарушенного иммунитета и коррекцию осложнений.

 

Human immunodeficiency virus infection results in decreases counts and compromised functions of T-cells and the associated immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and cancer. The paradox of HIV infection is that all this occurs upon the activation of the immune system, mainly inborn immunity, and increased production of cytokines leading to chronic systemic inflamma-tion. The immune response to HIV is evoked immediately upon infection; however, it fails to eliminate HIV, partly because of the active resistance of HIV to host immunity. Antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication to a minimum and to somewhat restore the immune system; however, in many patients this is associated with serious complication manifested as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, IRIS. Immunotherapy for HIV infection is meant to prevent HIV infection and spread by preventive and therapeutic vaccination, including passive vaccination with broad-specificity neutralizing mono-clonal antibodies and the use of anti-chemokine drugs and to restore immunity and to mitigate complications.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.