<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2018-10-1-54-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОЦЕНКА ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВИЧ НА ФОНЕ ВААРТ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODELS OF EARLY VERIFICATION OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HIV ON THE BASIS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гельцер</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geltser</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор департамента клинической медицины Школы биомедицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»</p><p>690091, Владивосток, ул. Суханова, 8 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Boris.geltser@vvsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скляр</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sclar</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней ФГБОУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</p><p>690011, Владивосток, ул. Борисенко, 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lidiya.sklyar@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеева</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseeva</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории ФГБОУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет»</p><p>690105, Владивосток, ул. Борисенко, 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vic-eliseeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахгельдян</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhgeldyan</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., директор Института информационных технологий ФГБОУ ВО «Владивостокский государственный университет экономики и сервиса»; зав.  лабораторией aнализа больших данных в здравоохранении и биомедицине  Школы биомедицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»</p><p>690014, Владивосток, ул. Гоголя, 41, ВГУЭС</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Carinash@vvsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной и патологической физиологии ФГБОУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</p><p>690002, Владивосток, пр. Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Markev2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емцева</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yemtseva</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., доцент кафедры математики и моделирования ФГБОУ ВО «Владивостокский государственный университет экономики и сервиса»</p><p>690014, Владивосток, ул. Гоголя, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Emtseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бениова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beniova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор Школы биомедицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»</p><p>690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Office@kkb2.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»&#13;
&#13;
Школа биомедицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University&#13;
&#13;
School of Biomedicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pacific State Мedical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»&#13;
&#13;
Школа биомедицины&#13;
&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Владивостокский государственный университет экономики и сервиса»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Federal University&#13;
&#13;
School of Biomedicine&#13;
&#13;
Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Владивостокский государственный университет экономики и сервиса»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гельцер Б.И., Скляр Л.Ф., Елисеева В.С., Шахгельдян К.И., Маркелова Е.В., Емцева Е.Д., Бениова С.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гельцер Б.И., Скляр Л.Ф., Елисеева В.С., Шахгельдян К.И., Маркелова Е.В., Емцева Е.Д., Бениова С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Geltser B.I., Sclar L.F., Eliseeva V.S., Shakhgeldyan K.I., Markelova E.V., Yemtseva E.D., Beniova S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/321">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/321</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования является выявление иммунологических маркеров, которые могут иметь значение для прогнозирования лекарственной устойчивости пациентов к антиретровирусной терапии.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 53 пациента с ВИЧ-инфекцией, с вирусологическим и  иммунологическим неуспехом ВААРТ. Всем пациентам проведено исследование  лекарственной устойчивости методом генотипирования, определены уровни цитокинов IL-2,  IL-6, IL-16, IL-23, TNF-a, вирусной нагрузки ВИЧ, CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов. Для построения  гипотезы о характере влияния лекарственной устойчивости на результаты лабораторных  проб (CD4+ Т-лимфоциты, вирусная нагрузка ВИЧ и цитокины) использовались метод  визуализации в форме диаграмм размаха, корреляционный анализ. Для оценки вероятности лекарственной устойчивости построены модели на основе дерева решений и  логистической регрессии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На основе информационного критерия Акаике, а также по результатам  анализа математических моделей, лучшей была признана модель, позволяющая оценивать наличие лекарственной устойчивости на основании уровня IL-16.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to identify immunological markers that may be important to predict drug resistance of patients to HAART.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Examined 53 patients with HIV infection, virological and immunological HAART failure. All patients underwent  the study of drug resistance genotyping method, determined the  levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-16, IL-23, TNF-a, HIV viral load,  CD4+ T-lymphocytes. For building hypotheses about the nature of  the impact of drug resistance on the results of laboratory tests  (CD4+ T-lymphocytes, HIV viral load and cytokines) used imaging  technique in chart form of the scale, correlation analysis. To predict  the patient’s risk of drug resistance built models based on decision  tree and logistic regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. On the basis of information criterion, Akaike, and the results of the analysis of the predictive capabilities of the model,  were considered the best model to determine the presence of drug resistance on the basis of the level of IL-16.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>логистическая регрессия</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>logistic regression</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>drug resistance.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wada N.I., Jacobson L.P., Margolick J.B., Breen E.C., Macatangay B., Penugonda S., Martínez-Maza O., Bream J.H. The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation. AIDS, 2015, Vol. 29, No. 4, рр. 463–471. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000545. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2015/02200/The_effect_of_HAART_induced_HIV_suppression_on.8.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wada N.I., Jacobson L.P., Margolick J.B., Breen E.C., Macatangay B., Penugonda S., Martínez-Maza O., Bream J.H. The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation. AIDS, 2015, Vol. 29, No. 4, рр. 463–471. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000545. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2015/02200/The_effect_of_HAART_induced_HIV_suppression_on.8.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cortez K.J., Maldarelli F. Clinical Management of HIV Drug Resistance. Viruses, 2011, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 347–378. DOI: 10.3390/v3040347. URL: http://www.mdpi.com/1999–4915/3/4/347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cortez K.J., Maldarelli F. Clinical Management of HIV Drug Resistance. Viruses, 2011, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 347–378. DOI: 10.3390/v3040347. URL: http://www.mdpi.com/1999–4915/3/4/347.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">French M.A., Cozzi-Lepri A., Arduino R.C., Johnson M., Achhra A.C., Landay A. Plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines and the risk of mortality in HIV-infected individuals: a case–control analysis nested in a large clinical trial. AIDS, 2015, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 847–851. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000618. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2015/04240/Plasma_levels_of_cytokines_and_chemokines_and_the.12.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">French M.A., Cozzi-Lepri A., Arduino R.C., Johnson M., Achhra A.C., Landay A. Plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines and the risk of mortality in HIV-infected individuals: a case–control analysis nested in a large clinical trial. AIDS, 2015, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 847–851. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000618. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2015/04240/Plasma_levels_of_cytokines_and_chemokines_and_the.12.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamlyn E., Fidler S., Stöhr W., Cooper D.A., Tambussi G., Schechter M., Miro J.M., Mcclure M., Weber J., Babiker A., Porter K. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer levels at seroconversion as predictors of HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS, 2014, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 869–874. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000155. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2014/03270/Interleukin_6_and_D_dimer_levels_at_seroconversion.8.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamlyn E., Fidler S., Stöhr W., Cooper D.A., Tambussi G., Schechter M., Miro J.M., Mcclure M., Weber J., Babiker A., Porter K. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer levels at seroconversion as predictors of HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS, 2014, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 869–874. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000155. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2014/03270/Interleukin_6_and_D_dimer_levels_at_seroconversion.8.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабаков Р.И. R в действии. Анализ и визуализация данных в программе R / Пер. с англ. П.А.Волковой. М.: ДМК Пресс, 2014. 588 с. [Kabakov R.I. R in action. Analysis and visualization of data in the program R. Ed. P.A.Volkova. Moscow: DMK Press, 2014. 588 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кабаков Р.И. R в действии. Анализ и визуализация данных в программе R / Пер. с англ. П.А.Волковой. М.: ДМК Пресс, 2014. 588 с. [Kabakov R.I. R in action. Analysis and visualization of data in the program R. Ed. P.A.Volkova. Moscow: DMK Press, 2014. 588 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flach P. Machine Learning. The Art and Science of Algorithms that make Sense of Data. Cambridge University Press, 2012, 396 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flach P. Machine Learning. The Art and Science of Algorithms that make Sense of Data. Cambridge University Press, 2012, 396 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyndman R.J., Athanasopoulos G. Forecasting: principles and practice. O Texts, 2013. URL: https://www.otexts.org/1461 (September 30, 2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyndman R.J., Athanasopoulos G. Forecasting: principles and practice. O Texts, 2013. URL: https://www.otexts.org/1461 (September 30, 2017).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобкова М.Р. Лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ. М.: Человек, 2014. 288 с. [Bobkova M.R. Drug resistance of HIV. Moscow: Chelovek, 2014, 288 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бобкова М.Р. Лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ. М.: Человек, 2014. 288 с. [Bobkova M.R. Drug resistance of HIV. Moscow: Chelovek, 2014, 288 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селимова Л.М., Серебровская Л.В., Иванова Л.А., Носик Д.Н. Показатели CD4+ и CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов пациентов, инфицированных вариантами вируса иммунодефицита человека 1- го типа подтипа А, несущими мутации V77I в протеазе и A62V в обратной транскриптазе // Вопросы вирусологии. 2010. № 2. С. 22–26. URL: http://www.medcollegelib.ru/doc/0507–40882-SCN0004.html. [Selimova L.M., Serebrovskaya L.V., Ivanova L.A., Nosik D.N. Indicators CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes of patients infected with variants of human immunodeficiency virus 1-th type, subtype And carrying mutations V77I in protease and A62V in reverse transcriptase. Problems of Virology, 2010, No. 2, C. 22–26. URL: http://www.medcollegelib.ru/doc/0507–40882-SCN0004.html (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Селимова Л.М., Серебровская Л.В., Иванова Л.А., Носик Д.Н. Показатели CD4+ и CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов пациентов, инфицированных вариантами вируса иммунодефицита человека 1- го типа подтипа А, несущими мутации V77I в протеазе и A62V в обратной транскриптазе // Вопросы вирусологии. 2010. № 2. С. 22–26. URL: http://www.medcollegelib.ru/doc/0507–40882-SCN0004.html. [Selimova L.M., Serebrovskaya L.V., Ivanova L.A., Nosik D.N. Indicators CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes of patients infected with variants of human immunodeficiency virus 1-th type, subtype And carrying mutations V77I in protease and A62V in reverse transcriptase. Problems of Virology, 2010, No. 2, C. 22–26. URL: http://www.medcollegelib.ru/doc/0507–40882-SCN0004.html (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armah K.A., McGinnis K., Baker J., Gibert C., Butt A.A., Bryant K.J. et al. HIV status, burden of comorbid disease, and biomarkers of inflammation, altered coagulation, and monocyte activation. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2012, No. 55, pp. 126–136. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis406 http://paperity.org/p/42769640/hiv-status-burden-of-comorbid-disease-and-biomarkers-of-inflammation-altered-coagulation.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armah K.A., McGinnis K., Baker J., Gibert C., Butt A.A., Bryant K.J. et al. HIV status, burden of comorbid disease, and biomarkers of inflammation, altered coagulation, and monocyte activation. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2012, No. 55, pp. 126–136. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis406 http://paperity.org/p/42769640/hiv-status-burden-of-comorbid-disease-and-biomarkers-of-inflammation-altered-coagulation.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шмагель К.В., Шмагель Н.Г., Черешнев В.А. Активация иммунитета при ВИЧ-инфекции // Медицинская иммунология. 2017. Т. 19, № 5. С. 489–504. DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-5-489-504. URL: http://mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1348/964. [Shmagel K.V., Shmagel N.G., Chereshnev V.A. Activation of the immune system in HIV infection. Medical Immunology, 2017, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 489–504. DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-5-489-504. URL: http://mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1348/964 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шмагель К.В., Шмагель Н.Г., Черешнев В.А. Активация иммунитета при ВИЧ-инфекции // Медицинская иммунология. 2017. Т. 19, № 5. С. 489–504. DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-5-489-504. URL: http://mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1348/964. [Shmagel K.V., Shmagel N.G., Chereshnev V.A. Activation of the immune system in HIV infection. Medical Immunology, 2017, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 489–504. DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2017-5-489-504. URL: http://mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1348/964 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кетлинский C.A., Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины. СПб.: Фолиант, 2008. 552 с. [Ketlinskiy S.A., Simbirtsev A.S. Cytokines. Saint-Petersburg: Foliant, 2008, 552 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кетлинский C.A., Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины. СПб.: Фолиант, 2008. 552 с. [Ketlinskiy S.A., Simbirtsev A.S. Cytokines. Saint-Petersburg: Foliant, 2008, 552 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson K.C., Center D.M., Cruikshank W.W. The effect of interleukin-16 and its precursor on T lymphocyte activation and growth. Growth Factors, 2004, No. 22 (2), pp. 97–104. PMID: 15253385. URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b285/78bd90242858d2b607836ff329816be45920.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson K.C., Center D.M., Cruikshank W.W. The effect of interleukin-16 and its precursor on T lymphocyte activation and growth. Growth Factors, 2004, No. 22 (2), pp. 97–104. PMID: 15253385. URL: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b285/78bd90242858d2b607836ff329816be45920.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amiel C., Darcissac E., Tuong M., Dewulf J., Loyens M., Mouton Y., Capron A., Bahr G.M. Interleukin-16 (IL16) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication in cells from infected subjects, and serum IL-16 levels drop with disease progression. J. Infect. Dis., 1999, No. 179, pp. 83–91. DOI: 10.1086/314550. URL: http://paperity.org/p/58504903/interleukin-16-il-16-inhibits- human-immunodeficiency-virus-replicationin-cells-from.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amiel C., Darcissac E., Tuong M., Dewulf J., Loyens M., Mouton Y., Capron A., Bahr G.M. Interleukin-16 (IL16) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication in cells from infected subjects, and serum IL-16 levels drop with disease progression. J. Infect. Dis., 1999, No. 179, pp. 83–91. DOI: 10.1086/314550. URL: http://paperity.org/p/58504903/interleukin-16-il-16-inhibits- human-immunodeficiency-virus-replicationin-cells-from.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baier M., Werner A., Bannert N., Metzner K., Kurth R. HIV suppression by interleukin-16. Nature, 1995, No. 378, pp. 563. DOI: 10.1038/378563a0. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/378563a0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baier M., Werner A., Bannert N., Metzner K., Kurth R. HIV suppression by interleukin-16. Nature, 1995, No. 378, pp. 563. DOI: 10.1038/378563a0. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/378563a0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bisset L.R., Rothen M., Joller-Jemelka H.I., Dubs R.W., Grob P.J., Opravil M. Change in circulating levels of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory proteins 1a and 1b, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-16 following treatment of severely immunodeficient HIV- infected patients with indinavir. AIDS, 1997, No. 11, pp. 485–491. PMID: 9084796. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/1997/04000/Change_in_circulating_levels_of_the_chemokines.12.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bisset L.R., Rothen M., Joller-Jemelka H.I., Dubs R.W., Grob P.J., Opravil M. Change in circulating levels of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory proteins 1a and 1b, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-16 following treatment of severely immunodeficient HIV- infected patients with indinavir. AIDS, 1997, No. 11, pp. 485–491. PMID: 9084796. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/1997/04000/Change_in_circulating_levels_of_the_chemokines.12.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bader A., Brockmeyer N., Schnaitmann E., Mertins L. et al. Interleukin-16 serum levels during the course of HIV-1 infection. AIDS, 2001, Vol. 15, Nо. 4, pp. 528–529. PMID: 11242152. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2001/03090/Interleukin_16_serum_levels_during_the_course_of.14.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bader A., Brockmeyer N., Schnaitmann E., Mertins L. et al. Interleukin-16 serum levels during the course of HIV-1 infection. AIDS, 2001, Vol. 15, Nо. 4, pp. 528–529. PMID: 11242152. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2001/03090/Interleukin_16_serum_levels_during_the_course_of.14.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chun T.W., Justement J.S., Moir S., Hallahan C.W., Ehler L.A., Liu S., McLaughlin M., Dybul M., Mican J.M., Fauci A.S. Suppression of HIV replication in the resting CD4+ T cell reservoir by autologous CD8+ T cells: implications for the development of therapeutic strategies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, No. 98, pp. 253–258. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.1.253. URL: https://www.pubfacts.com/detail/11136258/Suppression-of-HIV-replication-in-the-resting-CD4-T- cell-reservoir-by-autologous-CD8-T-cells-implica.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chun T.W., Justement J.S., Moir S., Hallahan C.W., Ehler L.A., Liu S., McLaughlin M., Dybul M., Mican J.M., Fauci A.S. Suppression of HIV replication in the resting CD4+ T cell reservoir by autologous CD8+ T cells: implications for the development of therapeutic strategies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, No. 98, pp. 253–258. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.1.253. URL: https://www.pubfacts.com/detail/11136258/Suppression-of-HIV-replication-in-the-resting-CD4-T- cell-reservoir-by-autologous-CD8-T-cells-implica.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Center D.M., Kornfeld H., Ryan T.C., Cruikshank W.W. Interleukin 16: implications for CD4 functions and HIV-1 progression. Immunol. Today, 2000, No. 21 (6), pp. 273–280. PMID: 10825739. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/term=Center+D.M.%2C+Kornfeld+H.%2C+Ryan+T.C.%2C+Cruikshank+W.W.+Interleukin+16%3A+implications+for+CD4+functions+and+HIV1+progression+%2F%2F+Immunol.+Today%2C+2000%2C+%E2%84%96+21(6)%2C+pp.+273–80.+PMID%3A+10825739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Center D.M., Kornfeld H., Ryan T.C., Cruikshank W.W. Interleukin 16: implications for CD4 functions and HIV-1 progression. Immunol. Today, 2000, No. 21 (6), pp. 273–280. PMID: 10825739. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/term=Center+D.M.%2C+Kornfeld+H.%2C+Ryan+T.C.%2C+Cruikshank+W.W.+Interleukin+16%3A+implications+for+CD4+functions+and+HIV1+progression+%2F%2F+Immunol.+Today%2C+2000%2C+%E2%84%96+21(6)%2C+pp.+273–80.+PMID%3A+10825739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попкова Т.В., Новикова Д.С., Насонов Е.Л. Интерлейкин 6 и сердечно-сосудистая патология при ревматоидном артрите // Научно-практиче-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Попкова Т.В., Новикова Д.С., Насонов Е.Л. Интерлейкин 6 и сердечно-сосудистая патология при ревматоидном артрите // Научно-практиче-</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ская ревматология. 2011. № 4. С. 64–72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2011-63. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interleykin-</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ская ревматология. 2011. № 4. С. 64–72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2011-63. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interleykin-</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">-i-serdechno-sosudistaya-patologiya-pri-revmatoidnom-artrite. [Popkova T.V., Novikova D.S., Nasonov E.L. Interleukin-6 and cardiovascular</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">-i-serdechno-sosudistaya-patologiya-pri-revmatoidnom-artrite. [Popkova T.V., Novikova D.S., Nasonov E.L. Interleukin-6 and cardiovascular</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Scientific-Practical Rheumatology, 2011, No. 4, pp. 64–72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2011-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Scientific-Practical Rheumatology, 2011, No. 4, pp. 64–72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2011-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interleykin-6-i-serdechno-sosudistaya-patologiya-pri-revmatoidnom-artrite (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interleykin-6-i-serdechno-sosudistaya-patologiya-pri-revmatoidnom-artrite (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орадова А.Ш., Канжигалина З.К., Касенова Р.К. Лабораторная диагностика цитокинов (обзорная статья) // Вестник Казахского государственного</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Орадова А.Ш., Канжигалина З.К., Касенова Р.К. Лабораторная диагностика цитокинов (обзорная статья) // Вестник Казахского государственного</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">медицинского университета. 2015. № 1. С. 357–359. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/laboratornaya-diagnostika-tsitokinov-obzornaya-statya-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">медицинского университета. 2015. № 1. С. 357–359. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/laboratornaya-diagnostika-tsitokinov-obzornaya-statya-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">[Orazova A.Sh., Kanzhigalina Z.K., Kasenova R.K. Laboratory diagnostics of cytokines (review article). Bulletin of Kazakh State Medical University, 2015, No. 1, pp. 357–359. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/laboratornaya-diagnostika-tsitokinov-obzornaya-statya-1 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Orazova A.Sh., Kanzhigalina Z.K., Kasenova R.K. Laboratory diagnostics of cytokines (review article). Bulletin of Kazakh State Medical University, 2015, No. 1, pp. 357–359. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/laboratornaya-diagnostika-tsitokinov-obzornaya-statya-1 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белова О.В., Арион В.Я., Сергиенко В.И. Роль цитокинов в иммунологической функции кожи // Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология. 2008. № 1. С. 41–55. URL: http://www.immunopathology.com/ru/article.php?carticle=6. [Belova O.V., Arion V.Ya., Sergienko V.I. Role of cytokines in immunological function of skin. Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology, 2008, No. 1, pp. 41–55. URL: http://www.immunopathology.com/ru/article.php?carticle=6 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белова О.В., Арион В.Я., Сергиенко В.И. Роль цитокинов в иммунологической функции кожи // Иммунопатология, аллергология, инфектология. 2008. № 1. С. 41–55. URL: http://www.immunopathology.com/ru/article.php?carticle=6. [Belova O.V., Arion V.Ya., Sergienko V.I. Role of cytokines in immunological function of skin. Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology, 2008, No. 1, pp. 41–55. URL: http://www.immunopathology.com/ru/article.php?carticle=6 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вирус иммунодефицита человека — медицина / Под ред. Н.А.Белякова и А.Г.Рахмановой. СПб.: Балтийский медицинский образовательный центр, 2010. 752 с. [The human immunodeficiency virus — medicine. Eds. N.A.Belyakov and A.G.Rakhmanova. Saint-Petersburg.: Baltic medical education center, 2010, 752 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вирус иммунодефицита человека — медицина / Под ред. Н.А.Белякова и А.Г.Рахмановой. СПб.: Балтийский медицинский образовательный центр, 2010. 752 с. [The human immunodeficiency virus — medicine. Eds. N.A.Belyakov and A.G.Rakhmanova. Saint-Petersburg.: Baltic medical education center, 2010, 752 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федяева О.Н., Ющук Н.Д., Сирота Н.А. Прогнозирование приверженности антиретровирусной терапии у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией // Казанский медицинский журнал. 2014. № 5. С. 715–721. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie- priverzhennosti-antiretrovirusnoy-terapii-u-patsientov-s-vich-infektsiey. [Fedyaeva O.N., Yushchuk N.D., Sirota N.A. Prediction of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Kazan Medical Journal, 2014, No. 5, pp. 715–721. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie-priverzhennosti-antiretrovirusnoy-terapii-u-patsientov-s-vich-infektsiey (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федяева О.Н., Ющук Н.Д., Сирота Н.А. Прогнозирование приверженности антиретровирусной терапии у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией // Казанский медицинский журнал. 2014. № 5. С. 715–721. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie- priverzhennosti-antiretrovirusnoy-terapii-u-patsientov-s-vich-infektsiey. [Fedyaeva O.N., Yushchuk N.D., Sirota N.A. Prediction of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Kazan Medical Journal, 2014, No. 5, pp. 715–721. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie-priverzhennosti-antiretrovirusnoy-terapii-u-patsientov-s-vich-infektsiey (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuller L.H., Tracy R., Belloso W., De Wit S., Drummond F., Lane H.C., Ledergerber B., Lundgren J., Neuhaus J., Nixon D., Paton N.I., Neaton J.D. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med., 2008, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 203. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050203. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18942885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuller L.H., Tracy R., Belloso W., De Wit S., Drummond F., Lane H.C., Ledergerber B., Lundgren J., Neuhaus J., Nixon D., Paton N.I., Neaton J.D. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med., 2008, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 203. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050203. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18942885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volpato S., Guralnik J.M., Ferrucci L., Balfour J., Chaves P., Fried L.P., Harris T.B. Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: the women’s health and aging study. Circulation, 2001, Vol. 103, No. 7, pp. 947–953. PMID: 11181468. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/103/7/947.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volpato S., Guralnik J.M., Ferrucci L., Balfour J., Chaves P., Fried L.P., Harris T.B. Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: the women’s health and aging study. Circulation, 2001, Vol. 103, No. 7, pp. 947–953. PMID: 11181468. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/103/7/947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartman J., Frishman W.H. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: A Review of the Role of Interleukin-6 in the Development of Atherosclerosis and the Potential for Targeted Drug Therapy. Cardiology in Review, 2014, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 147–151. DOI:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000021. URL: https://www.sema-nticscholar.org/paper/Inflammation-and-atherosclerosis-a-review-of-the-r-Hartman-Frishman/ 9103e48e127cc895869009de43255665f22e8e3f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartman J., Frishman W.H. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: A Review of the Role of Interleukin-6 in the Development of Atherosclerosis and the Potential for Targeted Drug Therapy. Cardiology in Review, 2014, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 147–151. DOI:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000021. URL: https://www.sema-nticscholar.org/paper/Inflammation-and-atherosclerosis-a-review-of-the-r-Hartman-Frishman/ 9103e48e127cc895869009de43255665f22e8e3f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamlyn E., Fidler S., Stöhr W., Cooper D.A., Tambussi G., Schechter M., Miro J.M., Mcclure M., Weber J., Babiker A., Porter K. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer levels at seroconversion as predictors of HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS, 2014, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 869–874. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000155. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2014/03270/Interleukin_6_and_D_dimer_levels_at_seroconversion.8.aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamlyn E., Fidler S., Stöhr W., Cooper D.A., Tambussi G., Schechter M., Miro J.M., Mcclure M., Weber J., Babiker A., Porter K. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer levels at seroconversion as predictors of HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS, 2014, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 869–874. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000155. URL: http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2014/03270/Interleukin_6_and_D_dimer_levels_at_seroconversion.8.aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
