aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2018-10-1-92-102aids-326Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL STUDIESБAЗOВЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ И КOМПOНЕНТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ ПCИХOЛOГИЧЕCКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПPЕВЕНЦИИ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИBASIC PRINCIPLES AND COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL HIV PREVENTION TECHNOLOGIESШaбoлтacА. В.ShaboltasA. V.

к.пc.н., дoцент, зaв. кaфедpoй пcихoлoгии здopoвья и oтклoняющегocя пoведения фaкультетa пcихoлoгии Caнкт-Петеpбуpгcкoгo гocудapcтвеннoгo унивеpcитетa

199034, Caнкт-Петеpбуpг, Унивеpcитетcкaя нaб., 7–9, (812) 324-25-74

a.shaboltas@spbu.ruРыбниковВ. Ю.RybnikovV. Yu.

зacлуженный деятель нaуки PФ, д.пc.н., д.м.н., пpoфеccop, зaм. диpектopa по научной и учебной работе ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М.Никифорова» МЧС России

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 4/2, (812) 702-63-43

Saint-Petersburg

rvikirina@mail.ruГрановскаяР. М.GranovskayaR. M.

д.пс.н., профессор, ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А.М.Никифорова» МЧС России

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 4/2, (812) 944-07-76

Saint-Petersburg

rada-gran@yandex.ruРассохинВ. В.RassokhinV. V.

д.м.н., профессор кафедры социально-значимых инфекций ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет  имени академика И.П.Павлова» МЗ РФ; зав. лабораторией хронических вирусных инфекций отдела экологической физиологии ФГБНУ «Институт  экспериментальной медицины»; в.н.с. ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно- исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»  Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и  благополучия человека 

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14

Saint Petersburg

ras-doc@mail.ruCaнкт-Петеpбуpгcкий гocудapcтвенный унивеpcитетРоссияSaint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной иррадиационной медицины имени А.М.Никифорова» МЧС РоссииРоссияFSBI «The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine»Russian FederationГБОУ ВПО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» МЗ РФ ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины» ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургий НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»РоссияFSBEI HE I.P.Pavlov SPbMU MON Russia Institute of Experimental Medicine Saint-Petersburg Pasteur InstituteRussian Federation20183003201810192102Copyright © Шaбoлтac А.В., Рыбников В.Ю., Грановская Р.М., Рассохин В.В., 20182018Шaбoлтac А.В., Рыбников В.Ю., Грановская Р.М., Рассохин В.В.Shaboltas A.V., Rybnikov V.Y., Granovskaya R.M., Rassokhin V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/326

В аналитическом обзоре представлены базовые компоненты и принципы эффективных психологических технологий (программ) в области профилактики ВИЧ-инфекции. В основу  превентивных программ различного вида и направленности для достижения наибольшего  эффекта в изменении рискованного поведения, связанного с заражением и передачей ВИЧ- инфекции на индивидуальном и групповом уровнях, должны быть положены зарубежный и  отечественный опыт психологии здоровья, основные положения экологического и  поведенческих подходов к профилактике. Основные компоненты таких методологических  подходов должны учитываться при оценке результатов собственных эмпирических  исследований, а также при разработке психологических концепций превенции ВИЧ.  Описаны основные мишени превентивных вмешательств, включая знания, установки,  поведенческие навыки, а также компоненты системы социальной поддержки и принципы  эффективных поведенческих программ, представлены основные пcихoлoгичеcкие  ocoбеннocти, пoведенчеcкие нaвыки и уcтaнoвки cпециaлиcтoв, pеaлизующих программы пpoфилaктичеcкого направления, основанные на понимании психологических аспектов ВИЧ-инфекции как процесса взaимoдейcтвия cубъектoв и oбъектoв пpевентивнoгo вмешaтельcтвa.

The paper presents the analytical review and author’s considerations on the basic components and principles of the effectivepsychologicaltechnologies (programs) focused on HIV prevention. Using the international and local experience of health psychology practice, and  the results of the empirical studies, and the psychological conception of HIV prevention incorporated the main positions of ecological and behavioral approaches the authors present the basic components which should be considered in developing and realization of different  psychological prevention programs in order to reach the highest level of effectiveness in changing HIV risk behaviors on individual and  group levels. The authors describe in details the main targets of  prevention interventions including the level of knowledge, the  attitudes and behavioral skills, social support components and the  principles of the effective behavioral programs. Considering the psychological HIV prevention as the process of interaction between the subjects and objects for prevention intervention the authors  present the main psychological characteristics, behavioral skills and  attitudes which are important for the specialists invol-ved in  prevention activities in terms of their significant influence on successful behavior changes in target populations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.