References

aids

ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии

HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders

2077-9828

Baltic Medical Education Center

10.22328/2077-9828-2018-10-4-100-112

aids-396

Research Article

ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ИНФЕКЦИЙ, ПЕРЕДАВАЕМЫХ ПОЛОВЫМ ПУТЕМ, И ГЕМОКОНТАКТНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS

Красносельских

Т. В.

Krasnoselskikh

T. V.

Красносельских Татьяна Валерьевна — д.м.н., профессор кафедры дерматовенерологии с клиникой

19022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8, корп. 4

tatiana.krasnoselskikh@gmail.com

Шаболтас

А. В.

Shaboltas

A. V.

Шаболтас Алла Вадимовна — к.п.н., зав. кафедрой психологии здоровья и отклоняющегося поведения факультета психологии

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9

a.shaboltas@spbu.ru

ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» МЗ РФРоссияFSBEI HE I.P.Pavlov SPbMU MON RussiaRussian Federation

ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»РоссияSaint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation

2018

16012019

104100112

2019

Красносельских Т.В., Шаболтас А.В.

Krasnoselskikh T.V., Shaboltas A.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/396

Общая методология профилактики инфекций, передаваемых половым путем (ИППП), включая ВИЧ-инфекцию, и гемоконтактных инфекций (ГКИ) до последнего времени в России практически не разрабатывалась, а адресные превентивные вмешательства (интервенции), направленные на уязвимые группы населения, не применялись. Как правило, отечественные исследователи ограничивались анализом эпидемиологических данных о распространенности ИППП и других социально-значимых заболеваний в общей популяции, их клинических особенностей, не предлагая форм и технологий социальной профилактики. Тем временем во всем мире выполняется огромное количество научных исследований, направленных на совершенствование стратегий профилактики ИППП/ГКИ, апробируются комплексные превентивные программы, сочетающие в себе биомедицинские и поведенческие компоненты. К сожалению, разработанные за рубежом профилактические программы не могут быть механически внедрены в практику российского здравоохранения. Они должны быть адаптированы и реализовываться в контексте социально-экономических и культурных особенностей нашей страны. Современная эпидемическая ситуация настоятельно диктует необходимость перехода от вторичной и третичной профилактики ИППП/ГКИ к первичной и от традиционного биомедицинского подхода — к мультидисциплинарному. Мультидисциплинарный подход к формированию здорового образа жизни и предупреждению саморазрушающего поведения, включая употребление алкоголя и наркотиков и рискованные сексуальные отношения,— это новое направление медицинской науки. Статья посвящена анализу теоретико-методологических и практических аспектов разработки, внедрения и оценки эффективности превентивных поведенческих интервенций в сфере социально-значимых инфекций.

Until recently in Russia the general methodology for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV-infection and blood-borne infections (BBI) has not been developed and targeted preventive interventions aimed at vulnerable populations have not been applied. As a rule, domestic researchers have been confined to detailed analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of STIs and other socially significant diseases in general population and their clinical features without offering social prevention technologies. Meanwhile, a large number of scientific researches aimed at improving the prevention strategies for STI/BBI and comprehensive preventive programs combining biomedical and behavioral components are being carried out all over the world. Unfortunately, preventive programs developed abroad cannot be mechanically introduced into the practice of Russian health care system. The programs should be adapted and implemented in the context of the socioeconomic and cultural uniqueness of Russia. The current epidemic situation necessitates switching from secondary and tertiary STI/BBI prevention and traditional biomedical approach to primary prevention and multidisciplinary approach. The multidisciplinary approach to healthy life style promotion and prevention of self-destructive behaviors including alcohol and drug use and risky sexual practices is a new branch of medicine. The presented article is aimed to analyze theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development, implementation and effectiveness evaluation of behavioral preventive interventions focused on socially significant infections.

инфекциипередаваемые половым путемгемоконтактные инфекцииВИЧ-инфекциясоциально-значимые заболеванияпрофилактические поведенческие вмешательствамультидисциплинарный подход к профилактике

sexually transmitted infectionsblood-borne infectionsHIV-infectionsocially significant diseasesbehavioral prevention interventionsmultidisciplinary approach in prevention

Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта РФФИ (ОГОН) № 15-06-10506 «Комплексная дистантная программа профилактики социально значимых заболевании: психологические и медицинские основы разработки и оценка эффективности».

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.