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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-2-56-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генотипическая и фармакорезистентная характеристика ВИЧ у пациентов в Социалистической Республике Вьетнам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genotypic and pharmacoresistant HIV characteristics in patients in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щемелев Александр Николаевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции, аспирант федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна — кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ostankova Yulia Vladimirovna</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуева Елена Борисовна — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной вирусологии федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ezueva75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Khanh Thu Huinh</surname><given-names>Хоанг</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanh Thu Huinh</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хуйнх Хоанг Кханх Тху — HIV/AIDS laboratory Pasteur Institute</p><p>Ho Chi Minh City</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Александр Владимирович — доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции, заместитель директора по инновационной работе федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; доцент кафедры иммунологии федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И.Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8,</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">lexvsemenov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>HIV/AIDS laboratory Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HIV/AIDS laboratory Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова;&#13;
Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute;&#13;
Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University;&#13;
North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щемелев А.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Зуева Е.Б., Khanh Thu Huinh Х., Семенов А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щемелев А.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Зуева Е.Б., Khanh Thu Huinh Х., Семенов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Schemelev A.N., Ostankova Y.B., Zueva E.B., Khanh Thu Huinh H., Semenov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/542">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/542</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Для оценки молекулярно-эпидемиологической структуры и фармакорезистентных вариантов ВИЧ у ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц в Хошимине (Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам) у 42 пациентов (4 человека с впервые выявленной инфекцией ВИЧ и 38 с вирусологической неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии) проводили анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей фрагмента гена полимеразы (pol) ВИЧ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В обследованной группе преобладал ВИЧ циркулирующей рекомбинантной формы CRF01_AE (92,2%) по сравнению с генотипом В (5,3%), CRF08_BC был выявлен у одного пациента (2,6%). Среди лиц с впервые выявленной ВИЧ-инфекцией 75% составил геновариант CRF01_AE и 25% — генотип В. Мутации лекарственной устойчивости к каким-либо препаратам были выявлены у 76,2% пациентов. Среди образцов с выявленной фармакорезистентностью у 43,75% были одиночные мутации. Мутации лекарственной устойчивости к ингибиторам обратной транскрипции встречались чаще (84,8%), чем мутации к ИП (15,2%). Чаще всего встречались мутации устойчивости к ННИОТ — 47,8%, далее — к НИОТ (37%) и ИП (15,2%). Образцы с фармакорезистентностью только к НИОТ составили 9,4% (7,1% от общей группы), только к ННИОТ — 28,1% (21,4% от общей группы), только к ИП — 12,5% (9,5% от общей группы), одновременно к ИП и НИОТ — 6,25% (4,8% от общей группы), к ИП и ННИОТ — 3,1% (2,4% от общей группы), к НИОТ и ННИОТ — 37,5% (28,6% от общей группы), образцов с мутациями устойчивости ко всем трем группам препаратов одновременно не выявлено. Встречаемость мутаций лекарственной устойчивости и количество естественных полиморфных вариантов у пациентов с двумя/тремя схемами АРВТ достоверно превышали таковые у пациентов с одной схемой, независимо от длительности применения терапии. Выявлена мутация фармакорезистентности у АРВТ-наивного пациента. С учетом вышесказанного представляется необходимым надзор за лекарственной устойчивостью ВИЧ во Вьетнаме как у получающих АРВТ, так и у АРВТ-наивных лиц.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To evaluate the molecular-epidemiological structure and pharmacoresistant HIV variants in HIV-infected individuals in Ho Chi Minh City (Socialist Republic of Vietnam), nucleotide sequences of the polymerase gene fragment (pol) HIV were analyzed in 42 patients (4 people with newly diagnosed HIV infection and 38 with virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy).</p><p>Results. In the examined group, HIV circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE (92,2%) prevailed compared to genotype B (5,3%), CRF08_BC was detected in one patient (2,6%). Among people with newly diagnosed HIV infection, 75% were genotype CRF01_AE and 25% were genotype B. The drug resistance mutations to any drugs in 76,2% of patients were detected. Among isolates with identified pharmacoresistance, 43.75% had single mutations. Mutations to IR were more common (84,8%) than mutations to PI (15,2%). The most common mutations were NNRTIs — 47,8%, followed by NRTIs (37%) and PI (15,2%). Isolates with pharmacoresistance only to NRTIs amounted to 9,4% (7,1% of the general group), only to NNRTIs 28,1% (21,4% of the general group), only to PI 12,5% (9,5% from the general group), simultaneously to PI and NRTI 6,25% (4,8% of the general group), to PI and NNRTI 3,1% (2,4% of the general group), to NRTI and NNRTI 37,5% (28,6% of the general group), isolates with drugs resistance mutations to all three groups simultaneously were not detected. The drug resistance mutations occurrence and the occurring number naturally polymorphic variants in patients with two / three ARV regimens were significantly higher than those in patients with one regimen, regardless of the treatment duration. A pharmacoresistance mutation was detected in an ART-naive patient. Based on the foregoing, it seems necessary to monitor the HIV drug resistance in Vietnam to both those receiving ART and those who are ART-naive. K</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>молекулярная эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>генотипы</kwd><kwd>ген pol</kwd><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>molecular epidemiology</kwd><kwd>subtype</kwd><kwd>gene pol</kwd><kwd>Vietnam</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNAIDS. Global HIV and AIDS statistics-2018 fact sheet [Online] 2019; Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet/. [Accessed 10 08 2019]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNAIDS. 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