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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-2-20-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-621</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANALYTICAL REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейрорадиология в острой фазе коронавирусной инфекции — COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiology of the central nervous system of patients in the acute phase of СOVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трофимова Татьяна Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник; руководитель научно-клинического и образовательного центра «Лучевая диагностика и ядерная медицина»; </p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 9</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, д. 7–9</p><p>SPIN-код 9733–2755</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TTrofimova@sogaz-clinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андропова</surname><given-names>П. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andropova</surname><given-names>P. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андропова Полина Леонидовна — врач-рентгенолог</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, ул. Вавиловых, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-2101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинцева</surname><given-names>Ж. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savintseva</surname><given-names>Zh. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савинцева Жанна Игоревна — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории нейровизуализации</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 9</p><p>SPIN-код 6620–9449</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeanna.mri@ihb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляков Николай Алексеевич — академик Российской академии наук, руководитель Северо-Западного окружного центра по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД федерального бюджетного учреждения науки «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; заведующий кафедрой социально-значимых инфекций; главный научный сотрудник отдела экологической физиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beliakov.akad.spb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мозга человека имени Н. П. Бехтеревой; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова; Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Human brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University; Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мозга человека имени Н. П. Бехтеревой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Human brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трофимова Т.Н., Андропова П.Л., Савинцева Ж.И., Беляков Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трофимова Т.Н., Андропова П.Л., Савинцева Ж.И., Беляков Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trofimova T.N., Andropova P.L., Savintseva Z.I., Belyakov N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/621">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/621</self-uri><abstract><p>В аналитическом обзоре, основанном на анализе литературных и собственных материалов, изложены особенности поражения центральной нервной системы при новой коронавирусной инфекции. Обозначена основная мысль, что несмотря на первичное поражение дыхательных путей, SARS-CoV-2 можно по ряду признаков отнести к нейротропным вирусам, что в итоге реализуется транспортом возбудителя COVID-19 из места первичной локализации в головной мозг человека. Вирус способен реализовывать все возможные пути транспорта по тканям и в течение короткого времени появляться в головном мозге, взаимодействуя с рецепторами АПФ2 и корецепторами, которые экспрессируются практически на всех клетках мозга — нейронах, астроцитах, олигодендроцитах, микроглиоцитах, осуществляющих основные функциональные задачи мозга. Клиническая часть посвящена лучевой диагностике поражений нервной системы, вызванных коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2. Анализ литературы позволил выделить лучевые паттерны, иллюстрирующие основные клинико-морфологические варианты поражения ЦНС при COVID-19 1: острый ишемический инсульт, острая энцефалопатия, вследствие массивного диффузного повреждения эндотелия на фоне васкулита/эндотелиита, протекающего как на фоне, так и без признаков тромбоза церебральных артерий, кровоизлияния, прежде всего по типу мелких петехий, полиэтиологичных по своей природе (повреждение эндотелия, острая гипоксия, микроэмболия). Кроме этого, кровоизлияния могут быть следствием венозного инфаркта на фоне синус-тромбоза. Радиологическими методами возможно диагностировать многочаговое поражение супра- и субтенториального белого вещества, васкулит, в частности по типу синдрома Сусака, заднюю обратимую лейкоэнцефалопатию — PRES, лейкоэнцефалопатию, отсроченную постгипоксическую лейкоэнцефалопатию, полинейропатию (синдром Гийена–Барре), синдром Миллера–Фишера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article, being based on the analysis of literature and the author’s own materials, outlines the features of the lesion of the central nervous system in a new coronavirus infection. The main idea is that despite the primary damage to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to a number of signs as neurotropic viruses, which is ultimately realized by the transport of the pathogen COVID-19 from the place of primary localization — the respiratory tract to the human brain. The virus is capable of hitting all possible pathways of being transferred through tissues and within a short time appears in the brain, interacting with ACE2 receptors and co-receptors, which are expressed in almost all brain cells, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes, which carry out the main functional tasks of the brain. The clinical part is devoted to radiation diagnosis of lesions of the nervous system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Analysis of the literature has made it possible to identify radiation variants of CNS lesions in COVID-19, illustrating the main clinical manifestations of the disease. There are several main clinical and morphological variants of CNS damage in COVID-19 1: acute ischemic stroke, acute encephalopathy, due to massive diffuse damage to the endothelium against the background of vasculitis / endotheliitis, occurring both with and without signs of cerebral artery thrombosis, hemorrhages, primarily of the type of small petechiae, polyetiologic in nature (endothelial damage, acute hypoxia, microembolism). In addition, hemorrhages can be a consequence of venous infarction against the background of sinus thrombosis. Radiological methods can diagnose multi-step lesions of the supra- and subtentorial white matter, vasculitis, in particular Susak’s syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy — PRES, leukoencephalopathy, delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, Miller–Fischer’s polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome), syndrome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>поражения ЦНС</kwd><kwd>механизмы и проявления</kwd><kwd>радиологические симптомы</kwd><kwd>нозологические формы заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>CNS lesions</kwd><kwd>mechanisms and manifestations</kwd><kwd>radiological symptoms</kwd><kwd>nosological forms of the disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahammedi A., Saba L., Vagal A. et al. 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