aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-2-44-52aids-623Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЗОРЫANALYTICAL REVIEWSСоциально-сетевые стратегии в ВИЧ-медицинеSocial network strategies in HIV medicineЯковлевА. А.YakovlevA. A.

Яковлев Алексей Авенирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней, эпидемиологии и дерматовенерологии медицинского факультета

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9

St. Petersburg

aay28@yandex.ruМусатовВ. Б.MusatovV. B.

Мусатов Владимир Борисович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней, эпидемиологии и дерматовенерологии медицинского факультета

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9

St. Petersburg

doctormusatov@gmail.comГлыжинаЛ. В.GlyzhinaL. V.

Глыжина Лариса Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней, эпидемиологии и дерматовенерологии медицинского факультета

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9

St. Petersburg

larisa.glyzhina@yandex.ruАмирханянЮ. А.AmirkhanyanYu. A.

Амирханян Юрий Альбертович — кандидат социологических наук, профессор психиатрии и поведенческой медицины

2071 North Summit Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA

Milwaukee

yuri@mcw.eduКеллиД.KellyJ.

Келли Джеффри — доктор философии, профессор психиатрии и поведенческой медицины, директор

2071 North Summit Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA

Milwaukee

cairdirector@mcw.eduСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSt. Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationЦентр исследований по ВИЧ-профилактическим вмешательствам, Медицинский колледж ВисконсинаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиCenter for Research on HIV Prevention Interventions, Medical College of WisconsinUnited States2021180620211324452Copyright © Яковлев А.А., Мусатов В.Б., Глыжина Л.В., Амирханян Ю.А., Келли Д., 20212021Яковлев А.А., Мусатов В.Б., Глыжина Л.В., Амирханян Ю.А., Келли Д.Yakovlev A.A., Musatov V.B., Glyzhina L.V., Amirkhanyan Y.A., Kelly J.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/623

Статья содержит обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы о применении социально-сетевых технологий — анализа социальных сетей и сетевых вмешательств — в ВИЧ-медицине как перспективных, экономически эффективных и устойчивых мероприятий для улучшения профилактики и результатов лечения ВИЧ-инфекции в рамках реализации программы ЮНЭЙДС «90–90–90». Описан практический опыт использования анализа социальных сетей для объяснения различий в распространенности ВИЧ-инфекции, включая оценку уровня поведенческого риска среди потребителей инъекционных наркотиков и частоту использования барьерных контрацептивов. В обзоре отражены примеры применения таких наиболее популярных сетевых вмешательств, как обучение по принципу «равный — равному» и «лидер общественного мнения» для профилактики ВИЧ-инфекции и вовлечения лиц, живущих с ВИЧ, в систему медицинского наблюдения и лечения. Отдельно описан опыт применения инновационных для отечественного здравоохранения социально-сетевых технологий в Санкт-Петербурге.

The article contains a review of domestic and foreign literature on the use of social networking technologies — analysis of social networks and network interventions — in HIV medicine as promising, cost-effective and sustainable measures to improve HIV prevention and treatment outcomes in the framework of UNAIDS 90–90–90 program. The article described practical experience of using social network analysis to explain differences in the prevalence of HIV infection, including evaluation the behavioral risk levels among persons injecting drugs and the frequency of use of barrier contraceptives. The review reflects examples of the use of the most popular network interventions such as peer education and the Popular Opinion Leader for HIV prevention and for engaging people living with HIV into the medical monitoring and care. In addition, the experience of using innovative social network technologies in St. Petersburg in Russia is described.

ВИЧ-инфекцияанализ социальных сетейсоциально-сетевые вмешательстваHIV infectionsocial network analysissocial network interventionsReferencesJoint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 90–90–90 — An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. New York: 2014. [Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2014/2090-2090-2090].Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 90–90–90 — An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. New York: 2014. [Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2014/2090-2090-2090].Cook C., Bridge J., McLean S., Phelan M., Barrett D. The funding crisis for harm reduction: Donor retreat, government neglect and the way forward. London, UK: International Harm Reduction Association, 2014. https://www.hri.global/files/2014/09/22/Funding_report_2014.pdf.Cook C., Bridge J., McLean S., Phelan M., Barrett D. The funding crisis for harm reduction: Donor retreat, government neglect and the way forward. London, UK: International Harm Reduction Association, 2014. https://www.hri.global/files/2014/09/22/Funding_report_2014.pdf.Kamarulzaman A., Altice F.L. Challenges in managing HIV in people who use drugs. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2015. Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 10–16. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000125.Kamarulzaman A., Altice F.L. Challenges in managing HIV in people who use drugs. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2015. Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 10–16. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000125.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men-33 States, 2001–2006 // Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2008. Vol. 57, No. 25. Р. 681–686. doi: 10.1037/e679162011-003.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men-33 States, 2001–2006 // Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2008. Vol. 57, No. 25. Р. 681–686. doi: 10.1037/e679162011-003.Hall H.I., Song R., Rhodes P. et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the Unites States // JAMA. 2008. Vol. 300, No. 5. Р. 520–528. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.5.520.Hall H.I., Song R., Rhodes P. et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the Unites States // JAMA. 2008. Vol. 300, No. 5. Р. 520–528. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.5.520.Ghosh D, Krishnan A., Gibson B., Brown Shan-Estelle, Latkin C.A., Altice F.L. Social Network Strategies to Address HIV Prevention and Treatment Continuum of Care Among At-risk and HIV-infected Substance Users: A Systematic Scoping Review // AIDS Behaviour, 2017, Vol. 21, No. 4. Р. 1183–1207. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1413-y.Ghosh D, Krishnan A., Gibson B., Brown Shan-Estelle, Latkin C.A., Altice F.L. Social Network Strategies to Address HIV Prevention and Treatment Continuum of Care Among At-risk and HIV-infected Substance Users: A Systematic Scoping Review // AIDS Behaviour, 2017, Vol. 21, No. 4. Р. 1183–1207. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1413-y.Яковлев А.А., Амирханян Ю.А., Мусатов В.Б., Чайка Н.А., Яблонский П.К., Кострицкая С.С. Новые методологические подходы в улучшении вовлечения ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в систему оказания медицинской помощи в Санкт-Петербурге // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2014. Т. 1, № 6. С. 66–73.Yakovlev A.A., Amirkhanyan Yu.A., Musatov V.B., Chaika N.A., Yablonsky P.K., Kostritskaya S.S. New methodological approaches to improve the involvement of HIV-infected patients in the system of medical care in St. Petersburg. HIV infection and immunosuppression. 2014. Vol. 1, Nо. 6, рр. 66–73. (In Russ., English abstract). doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2014-6-1-66-73.Яковлев А.А., Мусатов В.Б., Глыжина Л.В., Комарова А.Я., Амирханян Ю.А., Келли Дж.А. Социально-сетевые технологии в медицине // Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2019. T. 26, № 1. С. 219–229.Yakovlev A.A., Musatov V.B., Glyzhina L.V., Komarova A.Ya., Amirkhanyan Yu.A., Kelli J.A. Social Networking Technologies in Medicine. Kubanskii Nauchnyi Meditsinskii Vestnik, 2019, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 219–229. (In Russ., English abstract). doi: 10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-1-219-229.Мусатов В.Б., Яковлев А.А., Чайка Н.А., Келли Д., Амирханян Ю.А. Основные причины и современные методы коррекции низкой приверженности к антиретровирусной терапии у трудных пациентов // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2018. Т. 10, № 4. С. 37–56.Musatov V.B., Yakovlev A.A., Chaika N.A., Kelly D., Amirkhanyan Yu.А. The Main causes and modern methods of correction of low adherence to antiretroviral therapy in difficult patients. HIV infection and immunosuppression, 2018, Vol. 10, No. 4, рр. 37–56 (In Russ.). doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2018-10-4-37-56.Лифинцев Д.В. Оценка связей индивида в микросоциуме на основе методов анализа социальных сетей // Вестник Балтийского федерального университета им. И.Канта. 2013. Вып. 5. С. 77–84.Liffintsev D.V. Evaluation of individual connections in microsocium based on methods of analysis of social networks. Journal of the Baltic Federal University named after I.Kant. 2013. Iss. 5. P. 77–84 (In Russ.).Valente T.W. Network Interventions // Science. 2012. Vol. 337, Iss. 6090, pp. 49–53. doi: 10.1126/science.1217330.Valente T.W. Network Interventions // Science. 2012. Vol. 337, Iss. 6090, pp. 49–53. doi: 10.1126/science.1217330.Valente T.W. Social Networks and Health: Models, Methods, and Applications. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010. 296 р.Valente T.W. Social Networks and Health: Models, Methods, and Applications. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010. 296 р.Klovdahl A.S. Social networks and the spread of infectious diseases: The AIDS example // Social Science and Medicine. 1985. Vol. 21. Р. 1203–1216. Abstract. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90269-2.Klovdahl A.S. Social networks and the spread of infectious diseases: The AIDS example // Social Science and Medicine. 1985. Vol. 21. Р. 1203–1216. Abstract. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90269-2.Heckathorn D.D., Broadhead R.S., Anthony D.L., Weakliem D.L. AIDS and social networks: HIV prevention through network mobilization // Sociological Focus. 1999. Vol. 32, No. 2. Р. 159–179. doi: 10.1080/00380237.1999.10571133.Heckathorn D.D., Broadhead R.S., Anthony D.L., Weakliem D.L. AIDS and social networks: HIV prevention through network mobilization // Sociological Focus. 1999. Vol. 32, No. 2. Р. 159–179. doi: 10.1080/00380237.1999.10571133.Klovdahl A.S, Potterat J.J., Woodhouse D.E., Muth J.B., Muth S.Q., Darrow W.W.Social networks and infectious disease: the Colorado Springs Study // Social Science&Medicine. 1994. Vol. 38, No. 1. Р. 79–88. Abstract. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90302-6.Klovdahl A.S, Potterat J.J., Woodhouse D.E., Muth J.B., Muth S.Q., Darrow W.W.Social networks and infectious disease: the Colorado Springs Study // Social Science&Medicine. 1994. Vol. 38, No. 1. Р. 79–88. Abstract. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90302-6.Latkin C.A., Davey-Rothwell M.A., Knowlton A.R., Alexander K.A., Williams C.T., Boodram B. Social network approaches to recruitment, HIV prevention, medical care, and medication adherence // Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes. 2013. Vol. 63, Suppl. 1. Р. S54–S58. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182928e2a.Latkin C.A., Davey-Rothwell M.A., Knowlton A.R., Alexander K.A., Williams C.T., Boodram B. Social network approaches to recruitment, HIV prevention, medical care, and medication adherence // Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes. 2013. Vol. 63, Suppl. 1. Р. S54–S58. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182928e2a.Elford J., Bolding G., Sherr L. Seeking sex on the Internet and sexual risk behaviour among gay men using London gyms // AIDS. 2001. Vol. 15. Р. 1409–1419. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00010.Elford J., Bolding G., Sherr L. Seeking sex on the Internet and sexual risk behaviour among gay men using London gyms // AIDS. 2001. Vol. 15. Р. 1409–1419. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00010.Амирханян Ю.А. Социально-сетевые подходы в профилактике ВИЧ/СПИД // Демография ВИЧ. Сборник статей. М.: МАКС Пресс, 2009. Вып. 2. С. 63–72.Amirkhanyan Yu.A. Social and network approaches in HIV/AIDS prevention. HIV demography. Collection of articles. Moscow: MAX. Press; 2009, Issue 2, рр. 63–72 (In Russ.).Broadhead R.S., Heckathorn D.D., Weakliem D.L., Anthony D.L., Madray H., Mills R.J., Hughes J. Harnessing peer networks as an instrument for AIDS prevention: Results from a peer-driven intervention // Public Health Reports. 1998. Vol. 113, Suppl. 1. Р. 42–57.Broadhead R.S., Heckathorn D.D., Weakliem D.L., Anthony D.L., Madray H., Mills R.J., Hughes J. Harnessing peer networks as an instrument for AIDS prevention: Results from a peer-driven intervention // Public Health Reports. 1998. Vol. 113, Suppl. 1. Р. 42–57.Neaigus A., Friedman S.R., Jose B. et al. High-risk personal networks and syringe sharing as risk factors for HIV infection among new drug injectors // Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 5. Р. 499–509. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199604150-00011.Neaigus A., Friedman S.R., Jose B. et al. High-risk personal networks and syringe sharing as risk factors for HIV infection among new drug injectors // Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 5. Р. 499–509. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199604150-00011.Latkin C.A., Kuramoto S.J., Davey-Rothwell M.A. et al. Social norms, social networks, and HIV risk behavior among injection drug users // AIDS Behaviour. 2010. Vol. 14. Р. 1159–1168. doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9576-4.Latkin C.A., Kuramoto S.J., Davey-Rothwell M.A. et al. Social norms, social networks, and HIV risk behavior among injection drug users // AIDS Behaviour. 2010. Vol. 14. Р. 1159–1168. doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9576-4.Rothenberg R.B., Narramore J. The relevance of social network concepts to sexually transmitted disease control // Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1996. Vol. 23. Р. 24–29. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199601000-00007.Rothenberg R.B., Narramore J. The relevance of social network concepts to sexually transmitted disease control // Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1996. Vol. 23. Р. 24–29. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199601000-00007.Barrington C., Latkin C., Sweat M.D. et al. Talking the talk, walking the walk: social network norms, communication patterns, and condom use among the male partners of female sex workers in la Romana, Dominican Republic // Social Science&Medicine. 2009. Vol. 68. Р. 2037–2044. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.009.Barrington C., Latkin C., Sweat M.D. et al. Talking the talk, walking the walk: social network norms, communication patterns, and condom use among the male partners of female sex workers in la Romana, Dominican Republic // Social Science&Medicine. 2009. Vol. 68. Р. 2037–2044. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.009.Neblett R.C., Davey-Rothwell M., Chander G. et al. Social network characteristics and HIV sexual risk behavior among urban African American women // Journal of Urban Health. 2011. Vol. 88, No. 1. Р. 54–65. doi: 10.1007/s11524-010-9513-x.Neblett R.C., Davey-Rothwell M., Chander G. et al. Social network characteristics and HIV sexual risk behavior among urban African American women // Journal of Urban Health. 2011. Vol. 88, No. 1. Р. 54–65. doi: 10.1007/s11524-010-9513-x.Zapka J.G., Stoddard A.M., McCuscer J. Social network, support and influence: Relationship with drug use and protective AIDS behavior // AIDS Education and Prevention. 1993. Vol. 5. Р. 352–366.Zapka J.G., Stoddard A.M., McCuscer J. Social network, support and influence: Relationship with drug use and protective AIDS behavior // AIDS Education and Prevention. 1993. Vol. 5. Р. 352–366.Kottiri B.J., Friedman S.R., Neaigus A. et al. Risk networks and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users // Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes. 2002. Vol. 30. Р. 95–104. doi: 10.1097/00042560-200205010-00013.Kottiri B.J., Friedman S.R., Neaigus A. et al. Risk networks and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users // Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes. 2002. Vol. 30. Р. 95–104. doi: 10.1097/00042560-200205010-00013.Bar-Lev S. «We are here to give you emotional support»: performing emotions in an online HIV/AIDS support group // Qualitative Health Research. 2008. Vol. 18. Р. 509–521. doi: 10.1177/1049732307311680.Bar-Lev S. «We are here to give you emotional support»: performing emotions in an online HIV/AIDS support group // Qualitative Health Research. 2008. Vol. 18. Р. 509–521. doi: 10.1177/1049732307311680.Reeves P.M. Coping in cyberspace: the impact of internet use on the ability of HIV-positive individuals to deal with their illness // Journal of Health Communication. 2000. Vol. 5. Р. 47–59. doi: 10.1080/10810730050019555.Reeves P.M. Coping in cyberspace: the impact of internet use on the ability of HIV-positive individuals to deal with their illness // Journal of Health Communication. 2000. Vol. 5. Р. 47–59. doi: 10.1080/10810730050019555.Latkin C.A., Sherman S., Knowlton A. HIV prevention among drug users: outcome of a network-oriented peer outreach intervention // Health Psychology. 2003. Vol. 22, No. 4. Р. 332–339. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.332.Latkin C.A., Sherman S., Knowlton A. HIV prevention among drug users: outcome of a network-oriented peer outreach intervention // Health Psychology. 2003. Vol. 22, No. 4. Р. 332–339. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.332.Campbell C., MacPhail C. Peer education, gender and the development of critical consciousness: participatory HIV prevention by South African youth // Social Science&Medicine. 2002. Vol. 55. Р. 331–345. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00289-1.Campbell C., MacPhail C. Peer education, gender and the development of critical consciousness: participatory HIV prevention by South African youth // Social Science&Medicine. 2002. Vol. 55. Р. 331–345. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00289-1.Davey-Rothwell M.A., Tobin K., Yang C. et al. Results of a randomized controlled trial of a peer mentor HIV/STI prevention intervention for women over an 18 month follow-up // AIDS Behaviour. 2011. Vol. 15, No. 8. Р. 1654–1663. doi: 10.1007/s10461-011-9943-9.Davey-Rothwell M.A., Tobin K., Yang C. et al. Results of a randomized controlled trial of a peer mentor HIV/STI prevention intervention for women over an 18 month follow-up // AIDS Behaviour. 2011. Vol. 15, No. 8. Р. 1654–1663. doi: 10.1007/s10461-011-9943-9.Schumann С, Kahn D., Broaddus M., Dougherty J., Elderbrook M., Vergeront J., Westergaard R. Implementing a Standardized Social Networks Testing Strategy in a Low HIV Prevalence Jurisdiction // AIDS and Behavior. 2019. Vol. 23, Suppl. 1. Р. 41–47. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2146-x.Schumann С, Kahn D., Broaddus M., Dougherty J., Elderbrook M., Vergeront J., Westergaard R. Implementing a Standardized Social Networks Testing Strategy in a Low HIV Prevalence Jurisdiction // AIDS and Behavior. 2019. Vol. 23, Suppl. 1. Р. 41–47. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2146-x.Use of social networks to identify persons with undiagnosed HIV infection-seven U.S. cities, October 2003 — September 2004 // Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2005. Vol. 54, No. 24. Р. 601–605.Use of social networks to identify persons with undiagnosed HIV infection-seven U.S. cities, October 2003 — September 2004 // Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2005. Vol. 54, No. 24. Р. 601–605.Kimbrough L.W., Fisher H.E., Jones K.T. et al. Accessing social networks with high rates of undiagnosed HIV infection: the social networks demonstration project // Am. J. Public Health. 2009. Vol. 99. Р. 1093–1099. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.139329.Kimbrough L.W., Fisher H.E., Jones K.T. et al. Accessing social networks with high rates of undiagnosed HIV infection: the social networks demonstration project // Am. J. Public Health. 2009. Vol. 99. Р. 1093–1099. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.139329.Broadhead R.S., Heckathorn D.D., Altice F.L., van Hulst Y., Carbone M., Friedland G.H. et al. Increasing drug users’ adherence to HIV treatment: results of a peer-driven intervention feasibility study // Social Science&Medicine. 2002. Vol. 55, No. 2. Р. 235–246. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00167-8.Broadhead R.S., Heckathorn D.D., Altice F.L., van Hulst Y., Carbone M., Friedland G.H. et al. Increasing drug users’ adherence to HIV treatment: results of a peer-driven intervention feasibility study // Social Science&Medicine. 2002. Vol. 55, No. 2. Р. 235–246. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00167-8.Kelly J.A., St Lawrence J.S., Stevenson L.Y. et al. Community AIDS/HIV risk reduction: the effects of endorsements by popular people in three cities // Amer. J. Public Health. 1992. Vol. 82. Р. 1483–1489. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1483.Kelly J.A., St Lawrence J.S., Stevenson L.Y. et al. Community AIDS/HIV risk reduction: the effects of endorsements by popular people in three cities // Amer. J. Public Health. 1992. Vol. 82. Р. 1483–1489. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.82.11.1483.Latkin C.A., Mandell W., Vlahov D., Oziemkowska M., Celentano D.D. The long-term outcome of a personal network-oriented HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: the SAFE study // Amer. J. Comm. Psychol. 1996, Vol. 24. Р. 341–364. doi: 10.1007/BF02512026.Latkin C.A., Mandell W., Vlahov D., Oziemkowska M., Celentano D.D. The long-term outcome of a personal network-oriented HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: the SAFE study // Amer. J. Comm. Psychol. 1996, Vol. 24. Р. 341–364. doi: 10.1007/BF02512026.Latkin C.A… Outreach in natural settings. The use of peer leaders for HIV prevention among injecting drug users’ networks // Public Health Reports. 1998. Vol. 113, Suppl. 1. Р. 151–159.Latkin C.A… Outreach in natural settings. The use of peer leaders for HIV prevention among injecting drug users’ networks // Public Health Reports. 1998. Vol. 113, Suppl. 1. Р. 151–159.Amirkhanian Y.A., Kelly J.A., Kabakchieva E., Kirsanova A.V., Vassileva S., Takacs J., DiFranceisco W.J., McAuliffe T.L., Khoursine R.A., Mocsonaki L. A randomized social network HIV prevention trial with young men who have sex with men in Russia and Bulgaria // AIDS. 2005. Vol. 19. Р. 1897–1905.Amirkhanian Y.A., Kelly J.A., Kabakchieva E., Kirsanova A.V., Vassileva S., Takacs J., DiFranceisco W.J., McAuliffe T.L., Khoursine R.A., Mocsonaki L. A randomized social network HIV prevention trial with young men who have sex with men in Russia and Bulgaria // AIDS. 2005. Vol. 19. Р. 1897–1905.Amirkhanian Y., Kelly J., Kuznetsova A.V., Tarima S., Musatov V.B., Yakovlev A.A., DiFranceisco W. Social network intervention boosts HIV care uptake among people living with HIV in St. Petersburg, Russia. IAPAC, 11th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence, May 2016. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation #189.Amirkhanian Y., Kelly J., Kuznetsova A.V., Tarima S., Musatov V.B., Yakovlev A.A., DiFranceisco W. Social network intervention boosts HIV care uptake among people living with HIV in St. Petersburg, Russia. IAPAC, 11th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence, May 2016. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation #189.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.