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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-90-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-702</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к прогнозированию временной динамики процессов и использование закона эволюции эпидемий Фарра на примере динамики новых случаев ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to forecasting of time dynamics of the processes and use of Farr’s epidemic evolution law on example of dynamics of new cases of HIV-infection in Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-9340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры общественного здоровья и управления здравоохранением,</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna_n_barinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>очный аспирант кафедры общественного здоровья и управления здравоохранением,</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.lebedeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусаров</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusarov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>очный аспирант кафедры общественного здоровья и управления здравоохранением,</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvgusarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-6177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плавинский</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plavinskii</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры педагогики, философии и права,</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.plavinskij@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баринова А.Н., Лебедева А.А., Гусаров М.В., Плавинский С.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баринова А.Н., Лебедева А.А., Гусаров М.В., Плавинский С.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barinova A.N., Lebedeva A.A., Gusarov M.V., Plavinskii S.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/702">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/702</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Прогнозирование течения различных процессов, включая эпидемический, является важным в общественном здоровье. Существует мнение, что в ряде случаев более простые модели дают адекватную возможность прогнозирования.</p><p>Целью данного исследования было оценить применимость и результаты прогнозирования новых случаев ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на основании давно известного закона Фарра.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Были использованы данные официального статистического наблюдения за числом вновь регистрируемых случаев ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации в 1999–2020 гг. Параметры для прогнозирования новых случаев на период до 2027 г. были рассчитаны в соответствии с методикой D. J. Bregman и A. D. Langmuir. Для контроля прогностической точности прогноз был оценен на периоде 2015–2020 гг. после расчетов по данным до 2014 г. Были выделены нормальные компоненты эмпирической кривой и оценен истинный характер их распределения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Расчеты по закону Фарра несколько занижали истинное число случаев ВИЧ-инфекции (составляя 99% (95% ДИ 92–106%) при использовании сглаженных данных и 97% (95% ДИ 89–106%) при использовании исходных данных). В целом, в особенности по сглаженным данным, отклонения были приемлемыми. Прогноз до 2027 г. показывает, что общее число зарегистрированных в 1999–2027 гг. случаев составит 1,7–2,0 млн. Анализ истинного распределения второго пика эпидемической кривой показывает, что оно является логнормальным, что предполагает возможность значительно большего числа инфицированных в средне- и долгосрочной перспективе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хотя закон Фарра может использоваться для краткосрочного прогноза, не рекомендуется ослаблять профилактические программы ввиду возможного увеличения числа ВИЧ-инфицированных в сравнении с прогнозированием по закону Фарра. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Forecasting of different processes in health, including epidemics, are important area of public health. There exists an idea that in some cases simple models can give adequate forecasts.</p><p>Goal of this study was to evaluate possible use and results of forecasting of registration of new cases of HIV infection in Russian Federation based on well-known Farr’s law.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The official statistical data on new HIV cases in 1999–2020 in Russian Federation were used. Parameters for forecasting new cases until 2027 were calculated according to Bregman and Langmuir. For evaluation of forecasting the calculations were done for 2015–2020 after fitting model with data until 2014. Normal components of the empirical epidemic curve were estimated and more appropriately fitted distributions were found for the data described by those components.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Estimations according to the Farr’s law somewhat undercount number of the new cases of HIV infection (it forecast 99% (95% CI 92–106%) cases when smoothing was used and 97% (95% CI 89–106%) when raw data were used). In general, especially when smoothing was used, fit was satisfactory. Forecast until 2027 show that total number of HIV cases in 1999–2027 will be 1.7–2.0 mln people. Analysis of most probable distribution of the second peak of epidemic curve show that it is lognormal, which allow for much larger number of infected in medium- and long-term perspective.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Though Farr’s law could be used for short-term forecast it is not recommended to weaken preventive programs due to possibility of large increase in number of HIV-infected in comparison with Farr’s law forecast. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогнозирование временных процессов</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>закон Фарра</kwd><kwd>теория распределения экстремальных значений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>time-series forecasting</kwd><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>Farr’s law</kwd><kwd>extreme value distribution theory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков Н.А., Рассохин В.В., Розенталь В.В., Огурцова С.В., Степанова Е.В., Мельникова Т.Н. и др. Эпидемиология. ВИЧ-инфекции. Место мониторинга, научных и дозорных наблюдений, моделирования и прогнозирования обстановки // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2019. 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