<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-4-36-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ СЛУЖБЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SERVICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Страх моряков перед стигматизацией, связанной с ВИЧ/СПИДОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sailors’ fear of the stigma of HIV/AIDS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коларова-Димитрова</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolarova-Dimitrova</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коларова-Димитрова Миглена — доктор медицины, главный ассистент, специалист по внутренним болезням и эпидемиологии; кафедра гигиены и эпидемиологии</p><p>9002, г. Варна, ул. Марин Дринов, д. 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolarova-Dimitrova Miglena — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Assistant, Specialist in Internal Medicine and Epidemiology; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology</p><p>9002, Varna, 55 Marin Drinov str.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">megank@abv.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Варненский медицинский университет «Параскев Стоянов»</institution><country>Болгария</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Varna Medical University «Paraskev Stoyanov»</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коларова-Димитрова М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коларова-Димитрова М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolarova-Dimitrova M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/748">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/748</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Моряки ежедневно сталкиваются со множеством профессиональных, медицинских и психосоциальных проблем. Морское судоходство как профессия имеет особую комбинацию условий, которые оказывают сильное влияние на распространение болезней, передаваемых половым путем (ИППП), и затрудняют успешное осуществление программ профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить отношение моряков к людям, живущим с ВИЧ (ЛЖВ), на рабочем месте.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. С помощью анонимной анкеты, одобренной Комиссией по научной этике Медицинского университета — Варна, было опрошено 100 человек, практикующих морскую профессию. Статистическую обработку результатов проводили с помощью SPSS v. 20.0, используя вариационный и сравнительный анализ.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Большинство респондентов имеют достаточный опыт работы в своей профессии, имеют высшее образование и в равной степени распределены по командованию палубой и машинами (по 41% каждый), 18% — из руководящего состава. Все респонденты непреклонны в том, что они поделятся результатом теста на ВИЧ со своей семьей или партнером, 24,0% заявили, что готовы сообщить положительный результат коллегами и 26,0% — работодателю. Мы обнаружили значительную разницу (c2=39,47; p&lt;0,001) и умеренную зависимость (r=0,34; p=0,001) в поведении респондентов в отношении обмена положительным результатом теста на ВИЧ с членами их профессионального окружения (коллеги и менеджеры). </p><p>Моряки не хотят работать с ВИЧ-инфицированными коллегами, потому что в их знаниях о распространенности, факторах риска и понимании передачи и профилактики ВИЧ много пробелов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на обучение со стороны профсоюзов, медицинских организаций и правительств, страшные мифы о ВИЧ /СПИДе сохраняются. Степень незнания реальности, связанной с ВИЧ /СПИДом, прямо пропорциональна стигматизации проблемы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Seafarers face many occupational, health and psychosocial problems on a daily basis. Maritime as a profession has a special combination of conditions that have a strong impact on the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and make prevention programs difficult to succeed.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the attitudes towards sharing and attitudes towards HIV-positive people among seafarers in the workplace.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 100 persons practicing the maritime profession were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire, approved by the Commission on Scientific Ethics at the Medical University — Varna.The results were statistically processed with SPSS v. 20.0, using variation, comparison and correlation analyzes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Most of the respondents have sufficient experience in their profession, have higher education and have an equal distribution in deck and machine command (41% each), 18% are from the executive staff. All respondents are adamant that they would share the result of the HIV test with their family or partner, with only 24.0% stating that they would share the positive result with colleagues and 26.0% with the employer. We found a significant difference (c2 39.47; p&lt;0.001) and a moderate dependence (r=0.34; p=0.001) on the behavior of respondents regarding the sharing of the positive result of the HIV test with members of their professional environment (colleagues and managers).</p><p>The sailors are afraid to work with HIV-seropositive colleagues because their knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors and perceptions about the transmission and prevention of HIV infection have a lot of gaps.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Despite training from unions, medical organizations and governments, the dreaded myths about HIV/AIDS persist. The degree of ignorance of the reality around HIV/AIDS is directly proportional to the stigmatization of the problem.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стигма в связи с ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>моряки</kwd><kwd>морская компания</kwd><kwd>морской транспорт</kwd><kwd>профилактика ВИЧ/ИППП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV stigma</kwd><kwd>seafarers</kwd><kwd>maritime company</kwd><kwd>maritime transport</kwd><kwd>HIV/STI prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolarova-Dimitrova M. Status and perspectives of the epidemiological surveillance and control of HIV/AIDS in Varna region. Dissertation. 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolarova-Dimitrova M. Status and perspectives of the epidemiological surveillance and control of HIV/AIDS in Varna region. Dissertation. 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Essien E.J., Meshack A.F., Ekong E. et al. Effectiveness of a situationally-based HIV risk-reduction intervention for the NigerianUniformed Services on readiness to adopt condom use with casual partners // Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health. 2005. Vol. 1. Р. 19–30. [Google Scholar].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Essien E.J., Meshack A.F., Ekong E. et al. Effectiveness of a situationally-based HIV risk-reduction intervention for the NigerianUniformed Services on readiness to adopt condom use with casual partners // Counselling, Psychotherapy, and Health. 2005. Vol. 1. Р. 19–30. [Google Scholar].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Essien E.J., Ogungbade G.O., Holmes L. et al. Emerging socio-demographic and lifestyle predictors of intention to use condom in human immun-odeficiency virus intervention among Uniformed Services Personnel // Military Medicine. 2006. Vol. 171. Р. 1027–1034. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Essien E.J., Ogungbade G.O., Holmes L. et al. Emerging socio-demographic and lifestyle predictors of intention to use condom in human immun-odeficiency virus intervention among Uniformed Services Personnel // Military Medicine. 2006. Vol. 171. Р. 1027–1034. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miles S.H. HIV in insurgency forces in sub-Saharan Africa — a personal view of policies // International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2003. Vol. 14. Р. 174–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miles S.H. HIV in insurgency forces in sub-Saharan Africa — a personal view of policies // International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2003. Vol. 14. Р. 174–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikolić N. AIDS prophylaxis — achievements due to appropriate strategies // Int. Marit. Health. 2011. Vol. 62, No. 3 Р. 176–882. Pougnet R., Pougnet L., Dewitte J.D., Rousseau C., Gourrier G., Lucas D., Loddé B. Sexually transmitted infections in seafarers: 2020’s perspectives based on a literature review from 2000–2020 // Int. Marit. Health. 2020. Vol. 71, No 3. Р. 166–173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolić N. AIDS prophylaxis — achievements due to appropriate strategies // Int. Marit. Health. 2011. Vol. 62, No. 3 Р. 176–882. Pougnet R., Pougnet L., Dewitte J.D., Rousseau C., Gourrier G., Lucas D., Loddé B. Sexually transmitted infections in seafarers: 2020’s perspectives based on a literature review from 2000–2020 // Int. Marit. Health. 2020. Vol. 71, No 3. Р. 166–173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altaf Chowdhury S.A., Smith J., Trowsdale S., Leather S. HIV/AIDS, health and wellbeing study among International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) seafarer affiliates // Int. Marit. Health. 2016. Vol. 67, No. 1. Р. 42–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altaf Chowdhury S.A., Smith J., Trowsdale S., Leather S. HIV/AIDS, health and wellbeing study among International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) seafarer affiliates // Int. Marit. Health. 2016. Vol. 67, No. 1. Р. 42–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syed Asif Altaf Chowdhury, Jacqueline Smith, Steve Trowsdale, Susan Leather HIV/AIDS, health and wellbeing study among International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) seafarer affiliates // Int. Marit. Health. 2016. Vol. 67, No. 1. Р. 42–50. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2016.0009. PMID: 27029929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syed Asif Altaf Chowdhury, Jacqueline Smith, Steve Trowsdale, Susan Leather HIV/AIDS, health and wellbeing study among International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) seafarer affiliates // Int. Marit. Health. 2016. Vol. 67, No. 1. Р. 42–50. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2016.0009. PMID: 27029929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laraqui S, Laraqui O, Manar N, Ghailan T, Belabsir M, Deschamps F, Laraqui CH // Int. Marit. Health. 2017. Vol. 68, No. 1. Р. 26–30. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2017.0005. PMID: 28357833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laraqui S, Laraqui O, Manar N, Ghailan T, Belabsir M, Deschamps F, Laraqui CH // Int. Marit. Health. 2017. Vol. 68, No. 1. Р. 26–30. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2017.0005. PMID: 28357833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakilana А. Sex and Drugs: Preventing HIV/AIDS among Truckers and Sailors in Georgia // Knowledge Brief. 2009. Vol. 14. Р. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakilana А. Sex and Drugs: Preventing HIV/AIDS among Truckers and Sailors in Georgia // Knowledge Brief. 2009. Vol. 14. Р. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">http://www.sur.ru/ru/news/lent/2017-12-01/vich-infekcija_ne_povod_dlja_diskriminacii/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">http://www.sur.ru/ru/news/lent/2017-12-01/vich-infekcija_ne_povod_dlja_diskriminacii/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
