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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-1-32-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-773</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ферменты пуринового метаболизма — биомаркеры для диагностики туберкулезных плевритов у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enzymes of purine metabolism — biomarkers for the diagnostics of tuberculous pleurisy in patients with HIV infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-880X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьякова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyakova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьякова Марина Евгеньевна — д.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>194064, Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinadyakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимиров</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirov</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимиров Кирилл Борисович — к.м.н., доцент кафедры фтизиопульмонологии и торакальной хирургии</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kv2001@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-0061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсмедляева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esmedlyaeva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эсмедляева Диляра Салиевна — к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diljara-e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskiy</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яблонский Петр Казимирович — д.м.н., профессор, директор; декан медицинского факультета</p><p>191036, Санкт-Петербург, Лиговский пр., д. 2–4</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дьякова М.Е., Владимиров К.Б., Эсмедляева Д.С., Яблонский П.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дьякова М.Е., Владимиров К.Б., Эсмедляева Д.С., Яблонский П.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dyakova M.E., Vladimirov K.B., Esmedlyaeva D.S., Yablonskiy P.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/773">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/773</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить информативность определения активности аденозиндезаминазы и аденозиндезаминазы-2 в диагностике туберкулезных плевритов у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно обследовано 378 пациентов с плевральным выпотом: 215 — туберкулезной этиологии (ТП) и 163 пациента — нетуберкулезной этиологии (неТП). В группе «ТП» у 27 пациентов туберкулез был ассоциирован с ВИЧ-инфекцией (ТП/ВИЧ+) и у 188 пациентов — нет (ТП/ВИЧ–). В плевральном выпоте определяли активность общей аденозиндезаминазы (АДА) и ее изоферментов (АДА-1 и АДА-2).</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. В группе «ТП» активность общей АДА (95,5 [67,7; 115,4] против 82,0 [59,6; 100,0] ед/л, p=0,1), АДА-1 (14,2 [5,8; 20,5] против 12,1 [6,1; 23,7] ед/л, p=0,9) и АДА-2 (78,1 [38,1; 93,1] против 62,4 [35,4; 82,2] ед/л, p=0,1) не зависела от ВИЧ-статуса. Активность данных показателей определялась выше порогового уровня — общая АДА в 96,3% и в 95,2%, АДА-1 в 25,9% и 30,8% и АДА-2 в 92,6% и 83,3% случаев в группах «ТП/ВИЧ+» и «ТП/ВИЧ–» соответственно. Получена негативная корреляция между активностью АДА-1 и вирусной нагрузкой ВИЧ в группе больных с туберкулезным плевритом и ВИЧ-инфекцией (r=–0,45; p=0,008), а также в подгруппе больных ТП/ВИЧ+, получавших (r=–0,9; p=0,008) и не получавших АРВТ (r=–0,47; p=0,04). Полученные нами результаты показывают, что, повышение активности общей АДА у больных туберкулезным плевритом вне зависимости от наличия/отсутствия ВИЧ-инфекции происходит за счет АДА-2. Таким образом, несмотря на наличие или отсутствие у больных ВИЧ-инфекции, активность общей АДА, АДА-2 зависела от наличия активного туберкулеза. Активность АДА-2 у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, вероятно, также согласуется с важной ролью АДА-2 в клеточных иммунных реакциях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные нами данные свидетельствуют об участии ферментов пуринового метаболизма в патогенезе ВИЧ-инфекции. В то же время активность аденозиндезаминазы не является специфическим биомаркером индивидуальных изменений, характерных для ВИЧ-инфекции. Результаты исследования позволяют утверждать, что определение активности общей аденозиндезаминазы и аденозиндезаминазы-2 является высокоинформативным и диагностически значимым маркером туберкулезного плеврита у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов. Информативность определения активности аденозиндезаминазы и аденозиндезаминазы-2 не снижается даже при наличии выраженной иммуносупрессии, что позволяет активно их использовать при проведении диагностических мероприятий и раннем назначении противотуберкулезной терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of the study was to evaluate the information content of determining the activity of adenosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase-2 in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy in patients with HIV infection.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 378 patients with pleural effusion were retrospectively examined. In 215 cases, tuberculous pleurisy was detected (TP); and 163 patients had non-tuberculous pleural effusion (non-TP). As much as 27 patients in the TP group were HIV co-infected (TP/HIV+), the remaining 188 patients were HIV — negative (TP/HIV–). In all the patients, the activity of total adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA-1 and ADA-2) in the pleural fluid was determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In the TP group, the activity of total ADA (95.5 [67.7; 115.4] versus 82.0 [59.6; 100.0] U/L, p=0.1), ADA-1 (14.2 [5.8; 20.5] versus 12.1 [6.1; 23.7] U/L, p=0.9) and ADA-2 (78,1 [38.1; 93.1] versus 62.4 [35.4; 82.2] U/L, p=0,1) did not depend on HIV status. The activity of these indicators was determined above the threshold level — total ADA in 96.3% and 95.2%, ADA-1 in 25.9% and 30.8% and ADA-2 in 92.6% and 83.3% of cases in the «TP/HIV+» and «TP/HIV–» groups, respectively. A negative correlation between ADA-1 activity and HIV viral load in the group of patients with tuberculous pleurisy and HIV infection (r=–0.45; p=0.008), as well as in the subgroup of TP/HIV+ patients who received (r=–0.9; p=0.008) and in those who didn’t receive ART (r=–0.47; p=0.04) was obtained. Our results show that a total ADA activity increase in the patients with tuberculous pleurisy, regardless of patients’ HIV status, occur due to ADA-2. Thus, the increase in activity of total ADA and ADA-2 in our study was caused by active tuberculosis, not by the presence or absence of HIV co-infection. Also, the ADA-2 activity in HIV-infected patients is likely consistent with ADA-2 important role in cellular immune responses.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our data indicate the participation of purine metabolism enzymes in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. At the same time, adenosine deaminase activity is not a specific biomarker of individual changes characteristic of HIV infection. The study results suggest that the total adenosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase-2 activity increase is a valuable and diagnostically significant marker of tuberculous pleurisy in HIV-infected patients. The value of adenosine deaminase and adenosine deaminase-2 activity remains high even in the patients having severe immunosuppression, which allows them to be actively used for rapid diagnostics and hence, early TB therapy initiation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулезный плеврит</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-ассоциированный туберкулез</kwd><kwd>общая аденозиндезаминаза</kwd><kwd>аденозиндезаминаза-1</kwd><kwd>2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculous pleurisy</kwd><kwd>TB/HIV</kwd><kwd>total adenosine deaminase</kwd><kwd>adenosine deaminase-1</kwd><kwd>2</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report, 2021. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report, 2021. 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