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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-2-48-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВИЧ у беременных женщин Гвинейской Республики: частота встречаемости и молекулярно-генетические особенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV in pregnant women group in the Republic of Guinea: frequency and genetic characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балде</surname><given-names>T.A.Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balde</surname><given-names>T.A.L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терно Амаду Лабе Балде (Thierno Balde) — сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института прикладной биологии Гвинеи</p><p>Киндия, Гвинейская Республика</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kindia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щемелев Александр Николаевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Останкова Юлия Владимировна — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бумбали</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boumbaly</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санаба Бумбали — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий аспирантурой Научно-исследовательского института прикладной биологии Гвинеи; г. Киндия, Гвинейская Республика, директор CIRP, г. Нзерекаре, Гвинейская Республика</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kindia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валутите</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valutite</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валутите Диана Эдуардовна — врач клинико-лабораторной диагностики отделения диагностики ВИЧ-инфекции и СПИД-ассоциированных заболеваний</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianavalutite008@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыденко Владимир Сергеевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции, аспирант</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir_david@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серикова Елена Николаевна — научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусологии и иммунологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">genista.bio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуева Елена Борисовна — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной вирусологии</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ezueva75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануфриева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anufrieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ануфриева Екатерина Владимировна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kate.an21@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворода</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvoroda</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скворода Всеволод Валерьевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sevask94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Дарья Александровна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daryavasilek@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсауленко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эсауленко Елена Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией вирусных гепатитов; заведующая кафедрой инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eve-gpmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Александр Владимирович — доктор биологических наук, директор Екатеринбургского научно-исследовательского института вирусных инфекций федерального бюджетного учреждения науки Научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>620030, Екатеринбург, ул. Летняя, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexvsemenov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тотолян Арег Артемович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор; заведующий кафедрой иммунологии федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной биологии Гвинеи</institution><country>Гвинея</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Applied Biology</institution><country>Guinea</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной биологии Гвинеи; Международный исследовательский центр по тропическим инфекциям в Гвинее</institution><country>Гвинея</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Applied Biology; International Research Center of Tropical Infections in Guinea</institution><country>Guinea</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балде T., Щемелев А.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Бумбали С., Валутите Д.Э., Давыденко В.С., Серикова Е.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Ануфриева Е.В., Скворода В.В., Васильева Д.А., Эсауленко Е.В., Семенов А.В., Тотолян А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балде T., Щемелев А.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Бумбали С., Валутите Д.Э., Давыденко В.С., Серикова Е.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Ануфриева Е.В., Скворода В.В., Васильева Д.А., Эсауленко Е.В., Семенов А.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balde T., Shchemelev A.N., Ostankova Y.V., Boumbaly S., Valutite D.E., Davydenko V.S., Serikova E.N., Zueva E.B., Anufrieva E.V., Skvoroda V.V., Vasileva D.A., Esaulenko E.V., Semenov A.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/809">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/809</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования являлась оценка распространенности и изучение молекулярно-генетических особенностей вируса иммунодефицита человека у беременных женщин Гвинейской Республики.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования послужили образцы плазмы крови 972 беременных женщин из Гвинейской Республики. Пациентки были обследованы на наличие серологических (антигенов и антител) и молекулярно-генетических маркеров (РНК) ВИЧ-инфекции. Для пациенток с положительным результатом в ПЦР и достаточной вирусной нагрузкой (&gt;500 коп/мл) были получены генетические последовательности фрагмента гена pol, ответственные за синтез белков pro и rev, методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Данные последовательности были использованы для филогенетического анализа и исследованы на наличие мутаций лекарственной устойчивости.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Положительными в иммуноферментном анализе (ИФА) оказалась 12,96% пациентов. Среди женщин, положительных в ИФА, РНК была выявлена в 76,98% случаев, однако в 11 случаях РНК была обнаружена у пациенток без серологических маркеров ВИЧ-инфекции, таким образом встречаемость РНК ВИЧ во всей обследованной популяции составила 11,11% (95% ДИ 9,20–13,26%). В подавляющем большинстве случаев обнаруживается циркулирующая рекомбинантная форма 02_AG. На основании анализа мы предполагаем значительный вклад рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ в генетическое разнообразие вируса в исследуемом регионе.</p><p>Достаточно высокой оказалась встречаемость мутаций лекарственной устойчивости (ЛУ) (26,80%). Наиболее частыми были замены в 20 позиции протеазы (70,10%, 95% ДИ 59,96–78,98%), из них доминирующей являлась мутация K20I. Кроме того, относительно часто встречалась мутация L10I/V, увеличивающая репликацию вирусов с другими мутациями устойчивости к ингибиторам протеазы (ИП). Среди мутаций, ассоциированных с устойчивостью ВИЧ к ненуклеозидным ингибиторам обратной транскриптазы (ННИОТ), была встречена неполиморфная мутация V179T.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Важным фактором, влияющим на эффективность профилактики передачи ВИЧ от матери к ребенку, выявленным в данной работе, являлась высокая распространенность передающейся ЛУ среди беременных женщин в Гвинее. Высокая распространенность мутаций лекарственной устойчивости, обнаруженная в этом исследовании у беременных женщин, как у ранее не получавших антиретровирусную терапию, указывает на то, что применяемые в настоящее время в Гвинее схемы лечения недостаточны для предотвращения вертикальной передачи ВИЧ-инфекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and study of the molecular genetic characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus in pregnant women of the Republic of Guinea.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The material for the study was blood plasma samples of 972 pregnant women from the Republic of Guinea. The patients were examined for the presence of HIV infection serological (Ag+Ab) and molecular markers (RNA). For patients with a positive PCR result and a sufficient viral load (&gt;500 c/ml), the genetic sequences of the pol gene fragment responsible for the synthesis of pro and rev proteins were obtained by Sanger sequencing. These sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis and examined for drug resistance mutations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. 12.96% of patients was positive in ELISA. Among women who were positive in ELISA, RNA was detected in 76.98% of cases, however, in 11 cases, RNA was detected in patients without serological markers of HIV infection, so the incidence of HIV RNA in the entire surveyed population was 11.11%. In the vast majority of cases, the circulating recombinant form 02_AG is found. Based on the analysis, we assume a significant contribution of recombinant forms of HIV to the genetic diversity of the virus in the region under study.</p><p>The incidence of DR mutations was quite high (26.80%). The most frequent substitutions were in position 20 of the protease (70.10%, 95% CI 59.96–78.98%), of which the K20I mutation was dominant. In addition, the L10I/V mutation was relatively common, increasing the replication of viruses with other PI resistance mutations. Among the mutations associated with HIV resistance to NNRTIs, a non-polymorphic mutation V179T was found.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An important factor influencing the effectiveness of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission identified in this study was the high prevalence of PDR among pregnant women in Guinea. The high prevalence of drug resistance mutations found in this study in pregnant women, as well as in ART-naive women, indicates that current regimens in Guinea are insufficient to prevent vertical HIV infection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>серологические маркеры ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические маркеры ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>Гвинейская Республика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>HIV serological markers</kwd><kwd>HIV molecular genetic markers</kwd><kwd>HIV drug resistance</kwd><kwd>Republic of Guinea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greener R. AIDS and macroeconomic impact. State of The Art; AIDS and Economics // IAEN. 2002. P. 49–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greener R. AIDS and macroeconomic impact. 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