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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-2-90-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-813</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Смертность от туберкулеза и ВИЧ-инфекции в России в период до и во время пандемии COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9131-3584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыбикова</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsybikova</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыбикова Эржени Батожаргаловна — доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела общественного здоровья и демографии</p><p>127254, Москва, ул. Добролюбова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erzheny2014@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-4592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапшина</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshina</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапшина Ирина Сергеевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней медицинского института</p><p>248023, г. Калуга, ул. Степана Разина, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaluga</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">geparin.86@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский государственный университет имени К. Э. Циолковского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цыбикова Э.Б., Лапшина И.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыбикова Э.Б., Лапшина И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsybikova E.B., Lapshina I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/813">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/813</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить динамику смертности от туберкулеза и ВИЧ-инфекции, а также причины смерти контингентов с туберкулезом и ВИЧ-инфекцией, в России и субъектах Российской Федерации в период до и во время пандемии COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для анализа смертности от туберкулеза, ВИЧ-инфекции, инфекционных болезней и COVID-19 в России использованы данные Росстата за 2002–2021 гг. Сведения о численности и причинах смерти контингентов с туберкулезом и ВИЧ-инфекцией получены из форм федерального статистического наблюдения № 61, № 8 и № 33 за 2012–2021 годы. Сведения о причинах смерти контингентов с туберкулезом, в том числе от COVID-19, получены по запросу из 16 субъектов Российской Федерации. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием программы StatTech v.2.8.8 (разработчик ООО «Статтех», Россия).</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. В России во время пандемии (2020–2021 гг.) наблюдалось синхронное снижение смертности от инфекционных болезней, туберкулеза и ВИЧ-инфекции. При этом в динамике данных показателей был зарегистрирован «обратный переход», в результате которого темпы снижения смертности от ВИЧ-инфекции впервые за последние 20 лет превысили таковые от туберкулеза. Основным фактором, оказавшим позитивное влияние на динамику смертности от ВИЧ-инфекции, явилось увеличение охвата контингентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией антиретровирусной терапией, доля которого в 2020– 2021 гг. возросла до 82,2% и 83,3% (2019 г.— 71%).</p><p>Ухудшение эпидемической ситуации по туберкулезу во время пандемии было обусловлено введением ограничительных мер (локдаун), приведших к снижению доли населения, охваченного скринингом, направленным на раннее выявление туберкулеза среди населения. В результате в структуре умерших контингентов с туберкулезом возросла до 30% доля таковых, причиной смерти которых явился туберкулез (МКБ-10 А15–А19). Подобная динамика была обусловлена ростом до 7,6% доли пациентов, у которых туберкулез был диагностирован посмертно (в 2019 г.— 4,8%). Кроме того, среди умерших контингентов с туберкулезом каждый 3-й был пациентом с туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Во время пандемии в 16 субъектах Российской Федерации доля случаев смерти от COVID-19 была низкой и составляла лишь 2,3% в структуре умерших контингентов с туберкулезом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Во время пандемии (2020–2021 гг.) в России наблюдалось замедление темпов снижения смертности от туберкулеза, обусловленное возрастанием доли пациентов, у которых туберкулез был выявлен поздно в результате посмертной диагностики. Сохранение высокой доли пациентов с туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией, в структуре умерших контингентов с туберкулезом замедляет темпы снижения смертности от ВИЧ-инфекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the dynamics of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection, as well as the causes of death of contingents with tuberculosis and HIV infection, in Russia and the subjects of the Russian Federation, in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Rosstat data for 2002–2021 were used to analyze mortality from tuberculosis, HIV infection, infectious diseases and COVID-19 in Russia. Information on the number and causes of death of contingents with tuberculosis and HIV infection was obtained from Federal statistical observation Forms No. 61, No. 8 and No. 33 for 2012–2021. Information on the causes of death of contingents with tuberculosis, including from COVID-19, was received upon request from 16 subjects of the Russian Federation. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program Stat Tech v.2.8.8 (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In Russia, during the pandemic (2020–2021), there was a synchronous decrease in mortality from infectious diseases, tuberculosis and HIV infection. At the same time, a «reverse transition» was registered in the dynamics of these indicators, as a result of which the rates of reduction in mortality from HIV infection exceeded those from tuberculosis for the first time in the last 20 years.</p><p>The main factor that had a positive impact on the dynamics of mortality from HIV infection was an increase in the coverage of HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy, the share of which increased to 82.2% and 83.3% in 2020–2021 (2019 — 71%). The deterioration of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis during the pandemic was due to the introduction of restrictive measures (lockdown), which led to a decrease in the proportion of the population covered by screening aimed at early detection of tuberculosis among the population. As a result, in the structure of the deceased contingents with tuberculosis, the proportion of those whose cause of death was tuberculosis increased to 30% (ICD-10 A15–A19).</p><p>Such dynamics was due to an increase to 7.6% in the proportion of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis posthumously (in 2019 — 4.8%). In addition, among the deceased contingents with tuberculosis, every 3rd was a patient with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection. During the pandemic, in 16 regions of the Russian Federation, the proportion of deaths from COVID-19 was low and amounted to only 2.3% in the structure of deceased contingents with tuberculosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. During the pandemic (2020–2021) in Russia, there was a slowdown in the rate of decline in mortality from tuberculosis, due to an increase in the proportion of patients in whom tuberculosis was detected late as a result of post-mortem diagnosis. Maintaining a high proportion of patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the structure of deceased populations with tuberculosis slows down the rate of reduction in mortality from HIV infection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>сочетанный с ВИЧ-инфекцией</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>посмертная диагностика туберкулеза</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis combined with HIV infection</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>postmortem diagnosis of tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сборник примеров передовой практики здравоохранения в сфере противодействия ВИЧ-инфекции в Европейском регионе ВОЗ: Сборник. 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