aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-3-38-49aids-824Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЗОРЫANALYTICAL REVIEWSГенетические, вирусологические, инфекционные и фармакологические факторы риска нарушения регенерации CD4+ Т-клеток у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, получающих антиретровирусную терапиюGenetic, virological, infectious, and pharmacological risk factors for CD4+ T-cell regeneration failure in HIV-infected subjects receiving ARThttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-5362СайдаковаЕ. В.SaidakovaE. V.

Сайдакова Евгения Владимировна — доктор биологических наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии

614081, г. Пермь, ул. Голева, д. 13

Perm

radimira@list.ru«Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» — филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Пермского федерального исследовательского центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2023211020231533849Copyright © Сайдакова Е.В., 20232023Сайдакова Е.В.Saidakova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/824

У 10–40% ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов подавление вирусной нагрузки на фоне антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) не сопровождается существенным приростом численности CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов. Этот феномен, известный как иммунологический неответ на лечение, связан с высоким риском развития СПИД-ассоциированных и СПИД-неассоциированных заболеваний, а также преждевременной смертью инфицированных лиц. Причины формирования иммунологического неответа на АРТ в настоящее время малопонятны, а информация о факторах риска его развития разрозненна.

Целью работы было систематизировать данные литературы о не связанных с иммунной системой факторах риска развития иммунологического неответа на АРТ.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск источников в электронных базах данных PubMed, Science Direct и Scopus.

Результаты и их обсуждение. Анализ литературы позволил выявить генетические, вирусологические, инфекционные и фармакологические факторы риска развития иммунологического неответа на АРТ. Вклад каждого из факторов может существенно отличаться. Однако ни один из них не может считаться пусковым механизмом для развития данного феномена.

Заключение

Заключение. Иммунологический неответ на АРТ — это полиэтиологическое явление. По-видимому, в основе данного феномена лежат незаметные в норме особенности или дефекты иммунной системы, которые проявляются при запуске механизмов регенерации CD4+ Т-клеток.

In 10 to 40% of HIV-infected patients being adherent to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), viral load suppression is not accompanied by a significant increase in the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. This phenomenon, known as immunological non-response to treatment, is associated with a high risk of developing AIDS-associated and non-AIDS-associated diseases, as well as premature death. The bases of immunological non-response to HAART are poorly understood, while information on the risk factors for its development is scattered.

The aim of the present review is to organize data on non-immune-system risk factors for the development of immunological nonresponse to HAART.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Electronic searching using PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus were conducted.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. The database search delivered information on genetic, virological, infectious, and pharmacological risk factors for the development of immunological non-response to HAART. Each factor contribution might be substantially different. Still, none of them can be considered a trigger mechanism for this phenomenon.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Immunological non-response to HAART is a polyetiological condition. Apparently, this phenomenon is based on normally imperceptible immune system features or defects, which manifest during the CD4+ T-cell regeneration.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.