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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-3-61-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическое разнообразие ВИЧ-1 на современном этапе эпидемии в Российской Федерации: увеличение распространенности рекомбинантных форм</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic diversity of HIV-1 at the current stage of the epidemic in the Russian Federation: an increase in the prevalence of recombinant forms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-9846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Анастасия Александровна — научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastaseika95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-3081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Анна Игоревна — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-myznikova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-0843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ожмегова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozhmegova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ожмегова Екатерина Никитична — научный сотрудник вирусов лейкозов </p><p> 123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belokopytova.01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-9345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев Алексей Владимирович — кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lebedevalesha236@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7912-4270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казеннова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazennova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казеннова Елена Валерьевна — доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazennova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-2280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Кристина Вячеславовна  — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kimsya99@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-5678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туманов Александр Сергеевич — научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">desep@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1647-0926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глинкина</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glinkina</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глинкина Лариса Николаевна  — научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, д. 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laress77@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-8957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобкова Марина Ридовна — доктор биологических наук, главный специалист лаборатории биологии лентивирусов; консультант</p><p>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный переулок, д. 5а;</p><p>100194, Ташкент, ул. Янгишахар, д. 7А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrbobkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н. Ф. Гамалеи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр  эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н. Ф. Гамалеи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И. И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Антонова А.А., Кузнецова А.И., Ожмегова Е.Н., Лебедев А.В., Казеннова Е.В., Ким К.В., Туманов А.С., Глинкина Л.Н., Бобкова М.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антонова А.А., Кузнецова А.И., Ожмегова Е.Н., Лебедев А.В., Казеннова Е.В., Ким К.В., Туманов А.С., Глинкина Л.Н., Бобкова М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antonova A.A., Kuznetsova A.I., Ozhmegova E.N., Lebedev A.V., Kazennova E.V., Kim K.V., Tumanov A.S., Glinkina L.N., Bobkova M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/826">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/826</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка генетического разнообразия ВИЧ-1 и распространенности его рекомбинантных форм на современном этапе эпидемии в Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании были использованы коллекции крови и ее компонентов, полученные от 3178 ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов федеральных и  региональных «Центров по  профилактике и  борьбе со СПИДом» в период с 2011 по 2020 г. Далее осуществляли экстракцию провирусной ДНК или вирусной РНК ВИЧ-1 с последующей амплификацией области гена pol и секвенированием продуктов амплификации. Затем проводили анализ полученных нуклеотидных последовательностей для определения их субтиповой принадлежности и оценивали распространенность рекомбинантных форм вируса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что суб-субтип A6 остается доминирующим (82,9%) генетическим вариантом ВИЧ-1 на современном этапе эпидемии в Российской Федерации. Вторым по частоте встречаемости являлся субтип B — 7,14%. На долю каждой из рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ-1 — CRF02_AG и CRF03_AB пришлось около 1% всех проанализированных образцов, CRF63_02A6 — около 3,59%. Помимо циркулирующих рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ-1, было идентифицировано 87 уникальных рекомбинантов (2,74%). Выявлено достоверное (p&lt;0,001) увеличение частоты встречаемости рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ-1 с  течением времени. Наибольшая доля рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ-1 выявлена на  территории Сибирского (35,83%) и  Северо-Западного (15,98%) федеральных округов, наименьшая  —в Приволжском (1,99%) и Уральском (2,36%) федеральных округах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о растущем генетическом разнообразии ВИЧ-1 на территории Российской Федерации, а также об увеличении частоты встречаемости рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ-1 и их вовлеченности в эпидемический процесс с течением времени. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study: assessment of genetic diversity and prevalence of recombinant forms of HIV-1 at the current stage of the epidemic in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study used collections of blood and its components obtained from 3178 HIV-infected patients of federal and regional «Centers for the Prevention and Control of AIDS» in the period from 2011 to 2020. Next, the extraction of proviral DNA or HIV-1 viral RNA was carried out, followed by amplification of the pol gene region and sequencing of the ampli fication products. Then, the obtained nucleotide sequences were analyzed to determine their subtype and the prevalence of recombinant forms of the virus was estimated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It was found that sub-subtype A6 remains the dominant (82.9%) genetic variant of HIV-1 at the current stage of the epidemic in the Russian Federation. The second most common was subtype B — 7.14%. The share of each of the recombinant forms of HIV-1  — CRF02_AG and CRF03_AB accounted for about 1% of all analyzed samples, CRF63_02A6 — about 3.59%. In addition to circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1, 87 unique recombinants (2.74%) were identified. A significant (p&lt;0.001) increase in the frequency of occurrence of HIV-1 recombinant forms of over time was revealed. The largest proportion of recombinant forms of HIV-1 was detected in the Siberian (35.83%) and Northwestern (15.98%) federal districts, the smallest — in the Volga (1.99%) and Ural (2.36%) federal districts.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the growing genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Russian Federation, along with the spread of HIV infection beyond vulnerable groups, as well as an increase in the frequency of occurrence of recombinant forms of HIV-1 over time and their involvement in the epidemic process. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантные формы ВИЧ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-1</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>recombinant forms of HIV-1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда № 23–15–00027, https://rscf.ru/project/23–15–00027/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemelaar J., Elangovan R., Yun J., Dickson-Tetteh L., Fleminger I., Kirtley S., Williams B., Gouws-Williams E., Ghys P.D. 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