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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-7-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-848</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Природа и суть иммуносупрессивных состояний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The nature and origin of immunosuppressive disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боева</surname><given-names>Е. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боева Екатерина Валериевна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением хронической вирусной инфекции, врач-инфекционист, Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; ассистент кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kathrine.boeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассохин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rassokhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассохин Вадим Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова; заведующий лабораторией хронических вирусных инфекций отдела экологической физиологии, Институт экспериментальной медицины Российской академии наук; ведущий научный сотрудник, Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ras-doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляков Николай Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой социально значимых инфекций и фтизиопульмонологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова; руководитель Северо-Западного окружного центра по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД, Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; главный научный сотрудник, Институт экспериментальной медицины Российской академии наук </p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beliakov.akad.spb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-4240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симбирцев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simbirtsev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симбирцев Андрей Семенович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, заведующий лабораторией медицинской биотехнологии, Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»; главный научный сотрудник, Государственный научно-исследовательский институт особо чистых биопрепаратов</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simbirtsev@hpb-spb.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боева Е.B., Рассохин В.В., Беляков Н.А., Симбирцев А.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боева Е.B., Рассохин В.В., Беляков Н.А., Симбирцев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boeva E.V., Rassokhin V.V., Belyakov N.A., Simbirtsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/848">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/848</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной публикации нашли отражение современные представления об основных аспектах этиологии, патогенеза и последних достижениях клинической практики в области наиболее часто встречающихся первичных и вторичных иммунодефицитов. Рассмотрены особенности лабораторной диагностики врожденных иммунодефицитов, факторы риска и ранние клинические ориентиры, позволяющие заподозрить у пациента иммуносупрессивное состояние. Особое внимание уделено проблеме вторичных иммунодефицитов, их распространенности и полиэтиологичности. При освещении иммунопатогенеза инфекции, вызванной вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), внимание уделено мультиморбидности клинических проявлений ВИЧ-ассоциированной иммуносупресии и сопутствующих заболеваний, важности своевременного назначения антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) и ее роли в развитии синдрома восстановления иммунитета (СВИ). Подробно представлены критерии диагностики СВИ, основанные на собственном опыте и мнении зарубежных коллег, тактика ведения пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This publication reflects modern ideas about the main aspects of etiology, pathogenesis and the latest achievements of clinical practice in the field of the most common primary and secondary immunodeficiency. The features of laboratory diagnostics of congenital immunodeficiency, risk factors and early clinical guidelines that allow the patient to suspect an immunosuppressive state are considered. Special attention is paid to the problem of secondary immunodeficiency, their prevalence and polyetiology. When covering immunopathogenesis, infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), attention is paid to the multimorbidity of clinical manifestations of HIV-associated immunosuppression and concomitant diseases, the importance of timely administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its role in the development of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS). The criteria for the diagnosis of SVI based on their own experience and the opinion of foreign colleagues, the tactics of patient management are presented in detail.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>вторичный иммунодефицит</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия (АРТ)</kwd><kwd>синдром восстановления иммунитета</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>secondary immunodeficiency</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy (ART)</kwd><kwd>immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аббас А.K., Лихтман Э.Г., Пиллаи Ш. Основы иммунологии. Функции иммунной системы и их нарушения: учебник. 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