aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2023-15-4-25-35aids-849Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЗОРЫANALYTICAL REVIEWSВИЧ-инфекция и микробиом кишечникаHIV infection and the gut microbiomehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-8303ХрянинА. А.KhryaninA. A.

Хрянин Алексей Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии, Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет; президент региональной общественной организации «Ассоциация акушеров-гинекологов и дерматовенерологов»

630091, Новосибирск, Красный пр., д. 52;  630004, Новосибирск, ул. Ленина, д. 55

Novosibirsk

khryanin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-1551ПушкарёвЕ. В.PushkarevE. V.

Пушкарёв Евгений Владимирович — аспирант кафедры дерматовенерологии и косметологии 

630091, Новосибирск, Красный пр., д. 52; 

Novosibirsk

lotar100@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-7288БочароваВ. К.BocharovaV. K.

Бочарова Валентина Константиновна — врач-ординатор кафедры дерматовенерологии с клиникой

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

St. Petersburg

valuha-95@yandex.ruНовосибирский государственный медицинский университет; Ассоциация акушеров-гинекологов и дерматовенерологовРоссияNovosibirsk State Medical University; Association of obstetrician-gynecologists and dermatologistsRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. ПавловаРоссияPavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2023160120241542535Copyright © Хрянин А.А., Пушкарёв Е.В., Бочарова В.К., 20242024Хрянин А.А., Пушкарёв Е.В., Бочарова В.К.Khryanin A.A., Pushkarev E.V., Bocharova V.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/849

В аналитическом обзоре авторами представлены современные взгляды на взаимосвязи между персистенцией ВИЧ-инфекции и микробиомом кишечника у людей, живущих с ВИЧ (ЛЖВ). Изучение данного вопроса сохраняет свою высокую актуальность по разным причинам, в том числе потому, что дисбактериоз, связанный с ВИЧ, может лежать в основе хронических заболеваний, которые сохраняются и прогрессируют в течение всего периода ВИЧ-инфекции, несмотря на контроль вирусной нагрузки, достигаемый с помощью антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ). Выявление тесных патогенетических связей между кишечными бактериями и ВИЧ-ассоциированными заболеваниями способствует развитию новых методов лечения, направленных на изменение кишечного микробиома. Наглядно показано, что кишечный микробиом обладает потенциалом воздействия на заболевание, вызванное ВИЧ, на каждом этапе жизненного цикла вируса, от инфицирования до стадии СПИДа, что открывает возможность для терапевтического вмешательства, ориентированного на кишечный микробиом, на каждом из этих этапов. Современные терапевтические стратегии, включая АРТ и средства, направленные на нормализацию кишечного микробиома и уменьшение системного хронического воспаления, могут повлиять на существование резервуара ВИЧ-инфекции и тем самым обеспечить возможность излечения от ВИЧ-инфекции.

In this analytical review, the authors present current views on the relationship between the persistence of HIV infection and the gut microbiome in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The study of this issue remains highly relevant for various reasons, because HIV-associated dysbiosis may underlie chronic diseases that persist and progress throughout the entire period of HIV infection, despite the control of viral load achieved with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The identification of close pathogenetic links between intestinal bacteria and HIV-associated diseases contributes to the development of new treatments aimed at changing the intestinal microbiome. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiome has the potential to influence HIV disease at every stage of the viral life cycle, from infection through AIDS, opening the door for therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome at each of these stages. Modern therapeutic strategies, including ART and agents aimed to normalizing the gut microbiome and reducing systemic chronic inflammation, may influence the existence of the HIV reservoir and thereby provide a cure for HIV infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.