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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2024-16-1-45-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-886</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВИЧ-инфекция в Российской Федерации: современные тенденции диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV-infection in the Russian Federation: current diagnostic trends</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7514-5944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адгамов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adgamov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адгамов Руслан Ринатович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Adgamov Ruslan Rinatovich — senior researcher at the laboratory of mechanisms of population variability of pathogenic microorganisms of the FSBI «NRCEM»</p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bacter@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-9846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Анастасия Александровна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonova Anastasiia Aleksandrovna  — PhD, researcher at the leukemia virus laboratory of the FSBI “NRCEM” </p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow </p><p>aantonova1792@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastaseika95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-4120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огаркова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogarkova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Огаркова Дарья Алексеевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ogarkova Daria Alekseevna  — junior researcher at the laboratory of mechanisms of population variability of pathogenic microorganisms of the FSBI “NRCEM” </p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow</p><p>dashadv21993@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daria@ogarkova-dvorkina.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-3081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Кузнецова Анна Игоревна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuznetsova Anna Igorevna — PhD, leading researcher, Head of the leukemia virus laboratory of the FSBI «NRCEM”</p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-myznikova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-9351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почтовый</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochtovyi</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почтовый Андрей Андреевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pochtovyi Andrei Andreevich — PhD, senior researcher at the laboratory of mechanisms of population variability of pathogenic microorganisms of the FSBI “NRCEM”</p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.pochtovyy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-7238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клейменов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleymenov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клейменов Денис Александрович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kleymenov Denis Aleksandrovich  — PhD, Head of the laboratory of translational biomedicine of the FSBI “NRCEM”</p><p> 123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mne10000let@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7399-7628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Надежда Анатольевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuznetsova Nadezhda Anatol’evna — PhD, Head of the laboratory of infectious vectors of the FSBI “NRCEM”</p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadyakuznetsova0@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-2059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синявин</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Siniavin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синявин Андрей Эдуардович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Siniavin Andrei Eduardovich  — PhD, researcher at the laboratory of mechanisms of population variability of pathogenic microorganisms of the FSBI “NRCEM”</p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreysi93@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-6920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каминский</surname><given-names>Г. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaminskiy</surname><given-names>G. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каминский Григорий Дмитриевич</p><p>г. Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaminskiy Grigory Dmitrievich — acting chief physician</p><p>300002, Dreyer Embankment, 14, Tula</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grgkaminski.gk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-2510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цыганова Елена Валерьевна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsyganova Elena Valer’evna — PhD, Head of the scientific and clinical department</p><p> 105275, 8th street Sokolinaya Gora, 15, bldg. 5, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TsyganovaElena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-3762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущин Владимир Алексеевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gushchin Vladimir Alekseevich  — Doctor of Science, Head of the laboratory of mechanisms of population variability of pathogenic microorganisms of the FSBI «NRCEM» </p><p>123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wowaniada@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-5059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гинцбург</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gintsburg</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гинцбург Александр Леонидович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gintsburg Aleksander Leonidovich — Doctor of Science, Prof., Director of the FSBI «NRCEM»</p><p> 123098, Gamaleya Street, 18, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gintsburg@gamaleya.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-1443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазус</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazus</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазус Алексей Израилевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mazus Aleksei Izrailevich — Doctor of Science, Prof., Head of the Moscow City Center for AIDS Prevention and Control</p><p>105275, 8th street Sokolinaya Gora, 15, bldg. 5, Moscow  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Н. Ф. Гамалеи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский областной Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Health Organization Tula Regional Center for Control and Prevention of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИД</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Center for AIDS Prevention and Control of the Moscow Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Н. Ф. Гамалеи; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya; Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Н. Ф. Гамалеи; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N. F. Gamaleya; Department of Infectiology and Virology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИД; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Infectiology and Virology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Moscow City Center for AIDS Prevention and Control of the Moscow &#13;
Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Адгамов Р.Р., Антонова А.А., Огаркова Д.А., Кузнецова А.И., Почтовый А.А., Клейменов Д.А., Кузнецова Н.А., Синявин А.Э., Каминский Г.Д., Цыганова Е.В., Гущин В.А., Гинцбург А.Л., Мазус А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Адгамов Р.Р., Антонова А.А., Огаркова Д.А., Кузнецова А.И., Почтовый А.А., Клейменов Д.А., Кузнецова Н.А., Синявин А.Э., Каминский Г.Д., Цыганова Е.В., Гущин В.А., Гинцбург А.Л., Мазус А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Adgamov R.R., Antonova A.A., Ogarkova D.A., Kuznetsova A.I., Pochtovyi A.A., Kleymenov D.A., Kuznetsova N.A., Siniavin A.E., Kaminskiy G.D., Tsyganova E.V., Gushchin V.A., Gintsburg A.L., Mazus A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/886">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/886</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: проанализировать тенденции диагностики ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации в период 2017–2022 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании использовались данные, полученные из отчетов Федерального регистра лиц, инфицированных вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ФРВИЧ). Были проанализированы обстоятельства диагностики ВИЧ, а также клинико-эпидемиологические характеристики впервые выявленных пациентов, в том числе количество CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов. Также был определен вероятный временной интервал между предполагаемым инфицированием и подтверждением диагноза «ВИЧ-инфекция». Категориальные данные, оцененные в исследовании, были представлены в виде пропорций и сравнены с использованием критерия хи-квадрат (χ2). В случае множественных сравнений использовалась поправка Бонферрони. Количественные данные проверялись на нормальность с использованием критерия Колмогорова–Смирнова. В большинстве случаев применялись непараметрические характеристики распределений — медиана и межквартильный размах, а также критерий Манна–Уитни для сравнения двух независимых групп и критерий Краскела–Уоллиса — для сравнения более двух групп с последующими попарными сравнениями с использованием критерий Манна–Уитни с поправкой Бонферрони. Значение p&lt;0,05 считалось статистически значимым. Анализ данных и графическую визуализацию проводили с использованием статистического программного обеспечения R версии 4.1.1 и его библиотек.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Результаты показали рост выявляемости ВИЧ при добровольном тестировании, а также при профилактических медицинских осмотрах и по клиническим показаниям. Доля потребителей инъекционных наркотиков (ПИН) со временем снизилась, а вовлеченность женщин в эпидемический процесс и доля инфицирования при гетеросексуальных контактах возросли. Кроме того, наблюдалось увеличение доли пациентов в возрасте 35 лет и старше. Анализ количества CD4-клеток выявил существенные различия между подгруппами по признаку пола и возраста. У женщин было более высокое абсолютное количество CD4-лимфоцитов на протяжении всего периода наблюдения. У пациентов в возрасте 0–14 лет была самая высокая доля CD4-лимфоцитов (более 500 клеток/мкл), тогда как у пациентов старше 50 лет была самая высокая доля CD4-лимфоцитов (менее 200 клеток/мкл). Мужчины, практикующие секс с мужчинами, и люди, инфицированные в результате передачи вируса от матери ребенку, имели самый высокий средний исходный уровень CD4-клеток. У ПИН и гетеросексуалов наблюдалось статистически значимое снижение количества CD4-клеток в течение периода наблюдения, а также самое продолжительное среднее время от заражения до выявления заболевания — 24 и 20 мес соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title> Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Таким образом, данное исследование позволяет выявить наиболее значимые группы риска ВИЧ-инфицированных в России в настоящее время</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study: to analyse diagnostic trends of HIV-infection in the Russian Federation in the period 2017–2022.</p></sec><sec><title> Materials and methods</title><p> Materials and methods. The study used data obtained from reports from the Federal Register of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (FRHIV). The circumstances in HIV diagnosis and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed patients, including CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, were analysed. A likely time window between presumed infection and confirmation of HIV diagnosis was also determined. Categorical data evaluated in the study were presented as proportions and caparisoned using the chi-square test (χ2). In case of multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction for multiplicity was used. Quantitative data were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. In most cases, nonparametric characteristics of distributions — median and interquartile range — were applied, as well as the Mann-Whitney criteria for comparison of two independent groups and the Kraskell-Wallis criteria for comparison more than two groups, followed by pair wise comparisons using the Mann-Whitney criterion with Bonferroni multiplicity correction. A p-value&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis and graphical visualization was performed using the statistical software R version 4.1.1 and its libraries.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The results showed an increase in HIV detection through voluntary testing, preventive medical examination, and clinical indications. The proportion of injecting drug users (IDUs) decreased over time, while the involvement of women in the epidemic process and heterosexual transmission increased. Additionally, there was an increase in the proportion of patients aged 35 years and older. The analysis of CD4-cell counts revealed significant differences among gender and age subgroups. Women had higher absolute CD4-lymphocyte counts throughout the follow-up period. Patients aged 0–14 years had the highest proportion of CD4-lymphocytes over 500 cells/μL, while patients over 50 years old had the highest proportion of CD4-lymphocytes less than 200 cells/μL. Men who have sex with men and people infected through mother-to-child transmission had the highest mean baseline CD4-cell counts. IDUs and heterosexuals had a statistically significant decrease in CD4-cell counts over the follow-up period and also had the longest median time from infection to disease detection — 24 and 20 months, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Thus, this study helps identify the most significant risk groups of HIV-infected individuals in Russia at present.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>обстоятельства диагностики ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>количество CD4-клеток</kwd><kwd>Российская Федерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>circumstances in HIV diagnosis</kwd><kwd>CD4-cell counts</kwd><kwd>the Russian Federation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации и  Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы. Исследование выполнено при поддержке Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н. Ф. Гамалеи», государственное задание № 122021800327-4.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The Ministry of Health of the Russian  Federation and Moscow Healthcare Department.  This research was supported by Federal State  Budget Institution «National Research Centre for  Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After  Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya”, the state  assignment No. 122021800327-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekker L.G., Beyrer C., Mgodi N., Lewin S.R., Delany-Moretlwe S., Taiwo B., Masters M.C., Lazarus J.V. HIV Infection // Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2023. Vol. 9, No. 1. 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