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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2024-16-3-115-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-942</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Парадоксально высокий подъем числа CD4-лимфоцитов при синдроме восстановления иммунитета у больного туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Paradoxically high rise in CD4 lymphocyte count in the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with tuberculosis and HIV infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5964-7051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровицкий</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovitsky</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровицкий Владислав Семенович — доктор медицинских наук, научный сотрудник федерального казенного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний»; врач-фтизиатр филиала «Туберкулезная больница» федерального казенного учреждения здравоохранения «Медико-санитарная часть № 43 Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний</p><p>Scopus ID 5721112064</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, Житная ул., д. 14</p><p>613040, Кировская область, г. Кирово-Чепецк, проезд Западный</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p><p>Kirovo-Chepetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">qwertyuiop54@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-5341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролова Ольга Петровна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры фтизиопульмонологии и торакальной хирургии имени М. И. Перельмана Института клинической медицины имени Н. В. Склифосовского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); профессор кафедры фтизиатрии лечебного факультета федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>119992, Москва, Трубецкая ул., д. 8 стр. 2</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">opfrolova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний; Медико-санитарная часть № 43 Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний, филиал «Туберкулезная больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service; Medical and sanitary unit No. 43 of the Federal Penitentiary Service, branch «Tuberculosis Hospital»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov (Sechenov University); Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боровицкий В.С., Фролова О.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боровицкий В.С., Фролова О.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovitsky V.S., Frolova O.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/942">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/942</self-uri><abstract><p>Контингент больных ВИЧ-инфекцией в Российской Федерации увеличивается, что требует более широкого внедрения антиретровирусной терапии и, соответственно, критериев оценки ее эффективности.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Представить для рассмотрения клинический случай туберкулеза, сочетанного с ВИЧ-инфекцией, с парадоксально высоким подъемом числа CD4-лимфоцитов при воспалительном синдроме восстановления иммунитета, не соответствующим принятым критериям оценки эффективности лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Динамическое наблюдение за результатом лечения больного туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Методы исследования: клинические, рентгенологические, лабораторные и микробиологические.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. У больного туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией, выявлен парадоксально высокий подъем числа CD4-лимфоцитов (в 15 раз) при воспалительном синдроме восстановления иммунитета с последующим резким снижением. Анализ отечественных и зарубежных научных работ не позволил нам найти объяснение этому.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Подходы к формированию критериев оценке эффективности лечения больных туберкулезом, сочетанным с ВИЧ-инфекцией, требуют дальнейших исследований и дополнительных рекомендаций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number of patients with HIV infection in the Russian Federation is increasing, which requires wider implementation of antiretroviral therapy and, accordingly, criteria for assessing its effectiveness.</p><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To present for consideration a clinical case of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, with a paradoxically high increase in the number of CD4 lymphocytes in the inﬂammatory syndrome of immune reconstitution, which does not meet the accepted criteria for assessing the effectiveness of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Dynamic monitoring of the results of treatment of a patient with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection. Research methods: clinical, radiological, laboratory and microbiological.</p><p>Results and its discussion. In a patient with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, a paradoxically high increase in the number of CD4 lymphocytes (15 times) is possible with inﬂammatory syndrome of immune restoration, followed by a sharp decrease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Approaches to developing criteria for assessing the effectiveness of treatment for patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection require further research and additional recommendations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>CD4-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>вирусная нагрузка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>CD4 lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>viral load</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский В.В., Юрин О.Г., Кравченко А.В. и др. Национальные рекомендации по диспансерному наблюдению и лечению больных ВИЧ-инфекцией // Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни, актуальные вопросы. 2017. № 6. 80 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovsky V.V., Yurin O.G., Kravchenko A.V. еt al. 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