aidsВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессииHIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders2077-9828Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2077-9828-2024-16-4-17-27aids-960Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОРANALYTICAL REVIEWГеномный эпидемиологический надзор за ВИЧ-инфекцией в Российской ФедерацииGenomic surveillance of HIV infection in the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-2379КиреевД. Е.KireevD. E.

Киреев Дмитрий Евгеньевич — кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией диагностики и молекулярной эпидемиологии ВИЧ-инфекции

111123, Москва, Новогиреевская ул., д. 3А

Moscow

dmitkireev@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-0138КириченкоА. А.KirichenkoA. A.

Кириченко Алина Алексеевна — научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики и молекулярной эпидемиологии ВИЧ-инфекции

111123, Москва, Новогиреевская ул., д. 3А

Moscow

kotova-kirichenko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044АкимкинВ. Г.AkimkinV. G.

Акимкин Василий Геннадьевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор 

111123, Москва, Новогиреевская ул., д. 3А

Moscow

vgakimkin@yandex.ruЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологииРоссияCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyRussian Federation2024120220251641727Copyright © Киреев Д.Е., Кириченко А.А., Акимкин В.Г., 20252025Киреев Д.Е., Кириченко А.А., Акимкин В.Г.Kireev D.E., Kirichenko A.A., Akimkin V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/960

За последние 30 лет объемы секвенирования, в том числе вируса иммунодефицита человека типа I (ВИЧ-1), выросли многократно. Значительное развитие произошло также в области биоинформатики. Благодаря этому сначала в науке, а затем и в практическом здравоохранении появилось новое направление — геномный эпидемиологический надзор. В настоящее время в отечественных нормативных документах возможности применения биоинформатических методов практически не описаны. В данном литературном обзоре перечислены основные направления, в которых геномный эпидемиологический надзор за ВИЧ-инфекцией может быть с успехом применен: анализ резистентности ВИЧ-1, расследование случаев передачи вируса, изучение особенностей его возникновения и распространения, оценка эффективности проводимых противоэпидемических мероприятий, ретроспективный и оперативный анализ динамики и структуры заболеваемости, а также прогнозирование развития эпидемического процесса. В обзоре представлены успешные примеры отечественных и зарубежных исследований, а также даны предложения по внедрению биоинформатических методов в отечественную систему эпидемиологического надзора за ВИЧ-инфекцией.

Over the past 30 years, the amount of sequencing data has increased significantly, including for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Significant developments have also occurred in the field of bioinformatics. Because of this, first in science and then in practical healthcare, a new field has emerged — genomic surveillance. Currently, the possibilities of using bioinformatics methods are practically not described in Russian regulatory documents. This review outlines the main applications of genomic surveillance of HIV infection: analysis of HIV-1 drug resistance, investigation of HIV transmission, study of the characteristics of HIV occurrence and spread, assessment of the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions, retrospective and operational analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity, and forecasting the development of the epidemic process. The review presents successful examples of domestic and international research, and makes proposals for the introduction of bioinformatics methods into the Russian system of epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.