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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aids</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-9828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2077-9828-2024-16-4-99-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">aids-968</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Длительность вирусовыделения SARS-CoV-2 у больных COVID-19 с сопутствующей ВИЧ-инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Duration of SARS-CоV-2 virus shedding in COVID-19 patients with HIV infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-7354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиознов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lioznov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лиознов Дмитрий Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, директор; заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии  </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dlioznov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-4874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Побегалова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pobegalova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Побегалова Ольга Евгеньевна — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pobegalovaoe@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабадаш</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabadash</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сабадаш Надежда Васильевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологи</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nsabadash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1991-1798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карнаухова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnaukhova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карнаухова Елена Юрьевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_yk@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-6235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Тамара Васильевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonovatv28@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-1255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссаров Андрей Борисович — заведующий лабораторией молекулярной вирусологии </p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.komissarov@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-4393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Анна Андреевна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.ivanova@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова; Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа имени А. А. Смородинцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа имени А. А. Смородинцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лиознов Д.А., Побегалова О.Е., Сабадаш Н.В., Карнаухова Е.Ю., Антонова Т.В., Комиссаров А.Б., Иванова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лиознов Д.А., Побегалова О.Е., Сабадаш Н.В., Карнаухова Е.Ю., Антонова Т.В., Комиссаров А.Б., Иванова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lioznov D.A., Pobegalova O.E., Sabadash N.V., Karnaukhova E.Y., Antonova T.V., Komissarov A.B., Ivanova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/968">https://hiv.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/968</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: охарактеризовать продолжительность вирусовыделения SARS-CoV-2 у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией и выявить факторы, ассоциированные с длительным вирусовыделением.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективном исследовании у 170 больных COVID-19 с сопутствующей ВИЧ-инфекцией сопоставлены клинико-лабораторные характеристики течения COVID-19 и ВИЧ-инфекции и длительность вирусовыделения SARS-CoV-2, у 68 пациентов определены титры вируснейтрализующих антител к SARS-CoV-2, у 36 пациентов выполнено генотипирование возбудителя. Статистическая обработка результатов проведена с использованием пакета IBM SPSS Statistics.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Показано отсутствие достоверных различий длительности вирусовыделения SARS-CoV-2 у больных с разной степенью тяжести COVID-19; выявлена отрицательная связь величины титра вируснейтрализующих антител к SARS-CoV-2 с длительностью вирусовыделения. У 35,9% пациентов (61 человек) персистенция вируса продолжалась более 21 дня, данная группа характеризовалась неблагоприятным течением ВИЧ-инфекции в отсутствие антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ), достоверно более низкими значениями CD4-лимфоцитов и более высокой вирусной нагрузкой ВИЧ в крови. Продемонстрировано достоверно более длительное вирусовыделение для варианта В.1.1 по сравнению с другими геновариантами SARS-CoV-2. В гене Spike-белка у 4 больных выявлены мутации, повышающие инфицирующую способность возбудителя и снижающие чувствительность патогена к действию нейтрализующих антител.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тяжесть COVID-19 не влияла на длительность вирусовыделения SARS-CoV-2 у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией. Длительная персистенция вируса выявлена у пациентов с выраженным иммунодефицитом (CD4&lt;200 кл/мкл) в отсутствие АРТ. Больные с длительным вирусовыделением представляют эпидемиологический риск в отношении формирования новых мутационных вариантов возбудителя.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim: to describe the duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding in patients with HIV infection and to identify factors associated with prolonged viral shedding.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: in a prospective study, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 and HIV infection and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding were compared in 170 patients, titers of virus neutralizing antibodies to SARSCoV-2 were identified in 68 patients; pathogen genotyping was performed in 36 patients. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion: there were no significant differences in the duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding in patients with varying severity grade of COVID-19; a negative relationship between the titer of virus neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and viral shedding duration was revealed. In 35.9% of patients (61 persons), the persistence of the virus lasted for more than 21 days, this group was characterized by an unfavorable course of HIV infection in the absence of ART, significantly lower CD4 cell values and a higher HIV viral load in the blood. Virus shedding was shown to be significantly longer in patients with B.1.1 strain versus other SARS-CoV-2 gene variants. Mutations in the Spike protein gene that increase the infectious ability of the pathogen and reduce its sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies were found in 4 patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the severity of COVID-19 did not affect the duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding in patients with HIV infection. Long-term persistence of the virus was discovered in patients with severe immunodeficiency (CD4&lt;200 cl/μl) in the absence of ART. Patients with prolonged viral shedding pose an epidemiological risk in regard to developing new mutational variants of the pathogen.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>длительное вирусовыделение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>prolonged virus shedding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greninger A.L., Rybkina K., Lin M.J. et al. Human parainfluenza virus evolution during lung infection of immunocompromised individuals pro-motes viral persistence // J. Clin. Invest. 2021. Dec 1. Vol. 131, No. 23. Р. e150506. doi: 10.1172/JCI150506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greninger A.L., Rybkina K., Lin M.J. et al. 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