МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ИНФЕКЦИЙ, ПЕРЕДАВАЕМЫХ ПОЛОВЫМ ПУТЕМ, И ГЕМОКОНТАКТНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ

Общая методология профилактики инфекций, передаваемых половым путем (ИППП), включая ВИЧ-инфекцию, и гемоконтактных инфекций (ГКИ) до последнего времени в России практически не разрабатывалась, а адресные превентивные вмешательства (интервенции), направленные на уязвимые группы населения, не применялись. Как правило, отечественные исследователи ограничивались анализом эпидемиологических данных о распространенности ИППП и других социально-значимых заболеваний в общей популяции, их клинических особенностей, не предлагая форм и технологий социальной профилактики. Тем временем во всем мире выполняется огромное количество научных исследований, направленных на совершенствование стратегий профилактики ИППП/ГКИ, апробируются комплексные превентивные программы, сочетающие в себе биомедицинские и поведенческие компоненты. К сожалению, разработанные за рубежом профилактические программы не могут быть механически внедрены в практику российского здравоохранения. Они должны быть адаптированы и реализовываться в контексте социально-экономических и культурных особенностей нашей страны. Современная эпидемическая ситуация настоятельно диктует необходимость перехода от вторичной и третичной профилактики ИППП/ГКИ к первичной и от традиционного биомедицинского подхода — к мультидисциплинарному. Мультидисциплинарный подход к формированию здорового образа жизни и предупреждению саморазрушающего поведения, включая употребление алкоголя и наркотиков и рискованные сексуальные отношения,— это новое направление медицинской науки. Статья посвящена анализу теоретико-методологических и практических аспектов разработки, внедрения и оценки эффективности превентивных поведенческих интервенций в сфере социально-значимых инфекций.

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