А case of cryptoccosis of the lungs, spleen and thyroid gland in a patient with HIV infection

Abstract

The relevance of the problem of HIV infection is beyond doubt due to the steady increase in the incidence rate. The aim of the study is to describe generalized cryptococcosis localized in the lungs, spleen, and thyroid gland in a patient with HIV infection. Case description. A patient born in 1985 was admitted to hospital on 12/18/2024 at 7:10 PM in serious condition with a diagnosis of community-acquired interstitial pneumonia. CT-3 (75% lung tissue damage). History of acute HIV infection (stage 2B). Despite the initiated therapy, the patient’s general condition was progressively worsening — the clinical picture of respiratory failure was increasing and on 12/18/2024 at 8:25 PM the patient suddenly experienced respiratory and cardiac arrest. Histological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration, edematous fluid, and hemosiderophages in the alveolar lumen. Foci of granulomas with cryptococci, lymphocytes, histiocytes, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells were detected in the lungs, liver, and thyroid gland. Conclusion. The patient’s death was caused by HIV infection with the development of cryptococcosis as a secondary disease, the generalization of which caused intoxication, which was the immediate cause of death.