Hypogonadism is found in 15-25% of male HIV patients. This condition is most often hypogonadotrophic by its origin. Less often, its etiology is testicular. Besides impaired sexual functions, such patients experience depression, anemia, and decreased muscular and skeletal mass. When there are no contraindications, testosterone and gonadotropin preparations are used for therapy. The complications of testosterone therapy are manifested as prostate hyperplasia, increased risk of prostate cancer, polycythemia, and sleep apnea. Their risk increase with patients’ age. Screening for hypogonadism is indicated for patients having erectile dysfunctions and depression and includes tests for testosterone and sex steroid-binding globulin.

Considered in the present paper are the characteristics of dissemination in a megalopolis and of clinic-laboratory diagnostics of human diseases caused by monkey retroviruses, whose socio-medical significance is defined by the specifics of affected populations and by diagnostic difficulties. Most viral pathogens diagnosed in humans over the last decade are acquired from animals. In particular, monkey viruses rise increasing concern because of their ability to cross interspecies barriers, to adapt to new hosts and to spread among them. Novel diagnostic instruments and technologies are required to prevent infecting humans with monkey retroviruses, because their behavior in different ethnic populations under diverse environmental and social conditions is currently unpredictable.

The results of studies of the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of malignant neoplasms development in HIV patients and of patients’ lifespans are presented, and factors that determine the total survival rate and interfere with antiretroviral and anti-tumor therapies are defined. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of medical documentation and statistical report forms related to 192 HIV patients of Saint-Petersburg AIDS Center who had cancer diagnoses in 2006-2014 was carried out. The median survival time (n=73) was 2 years and 8 months (from one month to 13 years), and the follow-up period of 36% of the patients was above 5 years. The parameters accounted of were gender, age, CD4 cell counts, blood HIV RNA, and HAART at the time of the study. The markers of hepatitis C, B and D viruses, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and type 6 herpes virus were determined. The morphological types of tumors were define based on the results of cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies. Statistic treatment was carried out using Statistica for Windows ver. 6.0. Results. The most common malignancies found in HIV patients were lymphomas (58%). Most malignancies were diagnosed at advanced stages (80%). In 93% of cases, HIV was diagnosed before cancer, and HAART was given to only 9,4% of the patients. Contraindications against anticancer therapy were reported in 57,3% of cases. The total survival rate in HIV patients over 5 years after HIV diagnosis was 39%. HAART at the time of cancer diagnosis is a factor of statistically significant increase in the 5-years survival rate of HIV patients.

Study objective: To find out the causes of nonstandard results of hepatitis C virus genotyping using the test system Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II. Materials and methods: 19 plasma samples from HCV/HIV patients showing nonstandard genotyping results were studied by sequencing the NS5B and 5’UTR/core regions of viral genomes. Genotyping kits manufactured by Vector-Best and Interlabservice were additionally used. Results: Patients were found to be infected with RF2k/1b HCV. RF2k/1b HCV was found in 6% of the co-infected HCV/HIV patients. Conclusion: The routinely used test systems targeted to only one fragment of HCV genome, i.e. to 5’UTR/core, erroneously identify the RF2k/1b recombinant as genotype 2. Data on antiviral therapy for RF2k/1b HCV suggest that therapeutic regimens recommended for genotype 2 HCV are inadequate for RF2k/1b cases.

The safety, tolerance and potential therapeutic benefits of 6HP were assessed upon treatment courses provided to ART-naïve adult HIV patients within the framework of Phase I randomized single-blinded trial 6HP-1-2013. Study group comprised 40 patients treated at Saint-Petersburg AIDS Center. By the 35th day of therapy, the results of quantitative PCR for HIV decreased significantly (p<0,01), and 6HP safety profile and tolerance were estimated as good. These findings warrant further studied of 6HP Key words: HIV infection, ART, NRTI, 6HP.

The article presents the results of milk thistle schroth administration to reduce viral load in patients with chronic viral hepatitis С. These patients did not respond to combined antiviral therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin. Milk thistle schroth contains silymarin (a mixture of 7 compounds called flavolignans) and administrated at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight in 39 patient, which is much higher than the dosages used in previous studies. 50 days after the administration of schroth in 28 patients (72% of all patients) there were a significant reduction of viral load and ALT activity to 5,1 times and 1,7 times, respectively. In

Current literature on Buschke-Lowenstein tumor etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis in HIV patients is reviewed.

Based on the analysis of detection of new HIV cases in defined territories, the risk and possible causes of a new wave of HIV epidemic in the Northwest Region of Russia have been assessed. Materials and methods. Retrospective and ongoing analysis of HIV incidence using standard reporting forms and sentinel studies in certain groups of population. Results. With account of total HIV incidence and of parameters specific for defined groups of population, such as IDUs, MSMs, commercial sex workers, STD patients, and external and internal migrants, it is concluded that, following the first expressed wave of HIV infection at the turn of the centuries, a new slow rise in the rates of newly found HIV cases is observed primarily in Saint-Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, and Murmansk and will be evident in 4 to 5 years in other territories. Starting from 2013, concern is being aroused by considerable increments in the numbers of HIV cases in Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Republic of Komi, and Kaliningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast. A part of these territories aligns to the subjects of the Russian Federation where the second wave of HIV infection takes place already. It is likely that a new wave of HIV spread in the Northwest of the Russian Federation is real rather than possible.

The objective of this report is to analyse the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics and also obstetrical history in women with newly diagnosed HIV infection according to the Centre for the AIDS. The results of the study revealed a tendency to increase the number of women with HIV infection, which is associated with a high rate of heterosexual transmission rate and the high number of women who use drugs. Furthermore, there is an increase in the proportion of births among pregnant women with HIV infection, resulting in the need for chemoprophylaxis of perinatal transmission of HIV. From 2012 to 2014 has been a clear trend to increase the number of women who received chemoprophylaxis in full.

For the purpose of an assessment of an epidemiological situation on tuberculosis among patients with HIV infection in the territory of Siberian Federal District from 2010 for 2014 the analysis of the main statistical forms is carried out. For the studied period in this territory positive dynamics on incidence of tuberculosis among all population, and at the same time annual increase in patients with HIV infection at which late stages secondary diseases the most frequent of which was a miko-bakterialny infection presented to 98,8% of cases by tuberculosis develop is noted. Within five years the number of patients with the positive HIV status in combination with the mikobakteriozy increased by 15,5%, thus the share of patients with late stages of HIV infection makes more than 90%. Mortality in this group of patients from a mikobakterialny infection in five years increased by 14,5% that confirms not controllability of the situation which developed in the district.

The article presents the results of a study of risk factors for HIV infection of draftees of the Omsk region. On the territory of Omsk region in 2013 HIV infection is concentrated stage, the incidence amounted to 123,5 per 100 thousand population, the proportion of persons in the age group 15-29 years was occupied by 33,1% of all cases. In the epidemic process involved men of working age, their share among newly diagnosed cases amounted to 70%. The dynamics of the incidence of men had a tendency to increase from 4,2 to 186,7 per 100 thousand population (T= + 11,2%). During questioning 526 draftees identified risk factors for HIV infection - lack of awareness about the transmission of HIV infection (47,1%), lack of interest in information on HIV/AIDS, at the same time underestimating their own risk of infection - frequent change of sexual partners (50,2% changed during the year, two or more partners, practicing unprotected sex (57,4% of recruits), substance use (13,5%), alcohol with frequent several times a week (20,3%). The period of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must be used for the formation of safe behavior in relation to HIV infection and reduce the risk of infection.

The development of HIV epidemic in Kyrgyz Republic regions is analyzed to refine anti-epidemic measures. Official records of HIV cases (Form 4a) filed at the Republican AIDS Association and regional centers for prevention and control of AIDS were used for the analysis. HIV prevalence was found to vary among regions. Factors that promote HIV spread were defined. HIV epidemic is found to feature specific manifestations in different regions and tends to expand.

To study occupational burnout syndrome and psycho-emotional conditions in health care providers working with HIV patients. Materials and methods: Study group comprised 70 health care providers aged 28 to 60 years, including 60 subjects affiliated with Centers for Control of AIDS and 10 subjects affiliated with the Allergology Center. Such study has been carried out for the first time in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results: Prevalent among study subjects were health care providers featuring a moderate level of empathy, low responsiveness, and high anxiety. A high proportion (75%) of study subjects were referred to the second stage of occupational burnout syndrome and featured threshold or low stress resistance.