Objective. The study of gender specificities in adaptive transformation of regular neurodynamic (EEG) processes and also the development of maladaptation and mental disorders among men and women with HIV infection.
Materials and methods. The research includes 46 men and 54 women, aged 18 and 60, on follow-up care in St. Petersburg Center of AIDS who didn’t get antiretroviral therapy. Clinical infectious, clinical psychiatric, experimental psychological, instrumental functional diagnostics (EEG). To describe neurodymanic processes, EEG spectral analysis was applied, as well as based on graph theory analysis of the structure of interaction (mutual transition of opposite) between wave components of basic EEG rhythms.
Results and discussion. In the group of HIV-infected women the rate of mental illness is higher than in the men’s one. It is revealed the men and women have progressing frequency-dependent EEG changes due to neurotic, stress-related and organic mental disorders. Developing of HIV-encephalopathy among the women is accompanied by the growth of spectral power fluctuation in beta range and among the men — in alfa range of EEG frequency. These changes were most pronounced in the frontal and posttemporal areas both with the men and women that may reflect growing pathological process in structures of limbic system. Comparing to men, HIVinfected women have a higher EEG organization, characterized by high-frequency (beta) core formation of functional EGG rhythm interaction, representing decrease in the plasticity level of self-regulation process and developing stable pathological condition.
Conclusion. Тhere are gender differences of psychic reaction on HIV infection, thus, it is necessary to have a personalized approach to patient care, taking into account a higher demand of women in psychocorrectional and psychopharmacological help.

Objective. Molecular genetic analysis of AIDS-1, having spread in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019, including analysis of drug resistance mutation
Materials and methods. The study used the collection of samples, obtained from 478 HIV-infected people, living in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019; out of them 155 received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Genotyping of the obtained samples was carried out with the further phylogenetic analysis, including detailed analysis of identified unique recombinant forms of HIV-1.
Results. It is shown that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 (80,5%) continues dominating in the territory of Krasnodar region, genetic variant B (9,2%) is the second most common one. Also 11 unique recombinant forms (URFs) were discovered, 10 out of which are the result of A6 and B genetic variants recombination. Drug resistance mutations were registered with 114 patients, received ART (73,6%); primary mutations — M184V and A62V. Provisional indicator of transmissible drug resistance in the population of naïve patients is 4,6% (15/323); primary mutations — K103N и G190S.
Conclusion. The analysis of genetic profile and HIV-1 drug resistance mutation is carried out in the territory of Krasnodar region over the 2014 to 2019.

Objective. The research of clinical features, reproductive health and sexual disorders with women of childbearing age, involved in HIV epidemic.
Materials and methods. Cross-sectional, cohort, clinical sociological research of gynecological pathology and comorbid conditions among 85 women with HIV infection. The results of sociological research by anonymous survey among 50 women and 35 men of reproductive age with HIV infection are presented. The research was held using a questionnaire, based on WHO thematic map-questionnaire (WHO project №88093).
Results and discussion. The main group with HIV infection and reproductive disorders contains 27 women (median age 30,8±2,9). The comparison group consisted of 23 women with HIV infection without reproductive disorders (median age 31,4±7,1). The frequency of medical abortion appeared twice as often in the group of HIV-infected women with reproductive disorders. Statistically significant differences in occurrence of chronically related diseases: ENT organs, gastritis/duodenitis, pancreatitis, cystitis, pyelonerphritis, viral hepatitis (В, С), Papilloma Viral Infection in the compared groups has not been identified. The women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders experienced inflammatory disease of pelvic organs, provoked by chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis twice as often. Statistically significant differences in occurrence of hysteromyoma, chronic cervicitis, chronic endometritis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia haven’t been detected. Menstrual function analysis among the women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders identified a considerable predominance of secondary amenorrhea, opsomenorrhea, secondary oligomenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The women with HIV infection and reproductive disorders experienced hyperprolactinemia syndrome 3 times as often. The men were married more often than the women, had regular sexual intercourse, were not interested in their partners’ pregnancy. The most common method of contraception for women as well as for men was contraception sheath and rejected sexual intercourse. However, 20% and 26% men and women with HIV infection, who had sexual intercourse, didn’t use any methods of contraception. The main reason for both men and women to refuse pregnancy planning was unsatisfactory financial situation and having current HIV infection.
Conclusion. Early diagnosis of menstrual disorders, prevention of abortion and sexually transmitted diseases, and also early infertility treatment are necessary for women with HIV infection. Apart from medical care, medical workers should take into account social and psychological needs to help patients with HIV improve their quality of living, including sexual and reproductive health.

Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus infection can alter properties of blood vessels in children and increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in the future. Today the actual contribution of the effects of both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy into such changes remains unknown.
Objective. We seek to assess adverse events, including metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias), underlying antiretroviral therapy, and to determine the relation between metabolic disorders and intima injury in children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Materials and methods. The adverse events were investigated within the framework of a prospective and retrospective study. The study included evaluation of biochemical parameters in relation to the therapeutic regimen; calculation of atherogenic index of plasma; and determination of incidence of dyslipidemia in children. In addition to standard tests, children on ART were evaluated for insulin resistance (using HOMA-IR) and submitted to diagnostic imaging including Doppler ultrasonography of brachiocephalic arteries and veins.
Results. Children on protease inhibitor-based ART have higher total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels in comparison to both children on NNRTI-based ART and children who do not receive ART. LDL levels in children on long-term ART remained within the tolerance range and were clearly higher than those in children who did not receive ART. Carotid IMT was higher in children on NNRTI-based ART in comparison to those who received protease inhibitor-based therapy; and the correlation analysis conducted revealed positive correlation between the age and carotid IMT: The later ART was prescribed, the greater IMT was, which most likely was attributable to HIV effects.
Conclusion. Prescription of antiretroviral therapy at an older age results in changes in the intima-media complex, which may give evidence to vasoprotective effects of the therapy. Since HIV is directly involved in causing injury to the intima, it is advisable to start managing HIV infection in children as soon as they are diagnosed with the infection; and children to whom ART is prescribed at an older age and who develop dyslipidemia should be additionally evaluated by medical imaging with Doppler ultrasonography with carotid IMT measurement.

Objective. The assessment of a psychological profile and a level of social adaptation among patients with HIV infection in the penitentiary system.
Materials and methods. Randomly selected HIV-infected prisoners (n=41) from Novosibirsk prisons have passed in-depth interviews and survey on several questionnaires, based on different methods (questionnaires on assessing some social and medical indicators, a questionnaire on the TOBOL system — a clinical testing method, aimed at diagnosing a type of attitude to the disease. The test on 13 kinds of addiction by G. V. Lozova’s system and the test on identifying locus-control by G. Potter method are also included in the questionnaire.
Results and discussion. The survey results showed that it is characteristic for a significant proportion of the examined patients to have a risky sexual behaviour, posing a risk of infecting a partner with HIV. It was stated that most of the tested have the dominance of anosognosic and ergopathetic type of attitude to the disease; there is tendency in developing some forms of chemical and non-chemical addiction and diagnosed prevalence of internal locus of control.

Objective. Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators characterizing the situation of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the Kaluga region for the period from 2015 to 2019.
Materials and methods. For the analysis, was used information on 1159 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, those who arenot infected with HIV infection, and 106 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection in the Kaluga region for the period from 2015 to 2020.
Results. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where the incidence of tuberculosis is declining annually, the registration of cases of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection is due to the spread of tuberculosis among HIV-infected contingents registered in AIDS centers.The main reasons for this situation are the late detection of tuberculosis among patients with HIV infection, when the course of the disease becomes widespread and low adherenceofpatients with HIV infectionto treatment antiretroviral drugs.

Objective. Analyse the prevalence of combined HIV/TB infections in the territory of Chechen Republic for 2013–2020.
Materials and methods. The research was held by «the Republican Centre for AIDS Prevention and Control», Grozny and «The Republican Centre of Phthisiopulmonology», Grozny. It analysed the data of outpatient and inpatient charts of 148 HIVinfected with tuberculosis, identified in the period from 2013 to 2020 and being under dispensary observation in the Republican Centre of AIDS Prevention and Control, Chechen Republic.
Results and discussion. The study reports that HIV prevalence in absolute terms and figures per 100.000 people decreased from 223 (16,8) in 2013 to 117 (7,9) in 2020. It should be noted that with the growth in number of checked people, tuberculosis prevalence as well as in the case of HIV infection decreased in absolute terms and figures per 100.000 of the population in the sampling period. If in 2013 it amounted 466 (35,1), in 2020 it was already 299 (20,2). Among HIV-infected citizens of Chechen Republic 167 people with tuberculosis were also detected in the sampling period. From among the combined HIV- and tuberculosis infected, 148 people subjected to regular medical check-up. The prevalence of combined HIV/TB infections per 100.000 people tended to decrease from 2013 to 2020 as well as the overall HIV prevalence without tuberculosis and tuberculosis without HIV. These changes are quite significant from 1,6 to 0,06.
Conclusion. The issues of HIV infection combined with tuberculosis remains actual for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including Chechen Republic, based on socio-economic, demographic, epidemiological and clinical reasons. The decline in incidence and prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis and combined HIV/TB infections in the territory of Chechen Republic in 2013–2020 may have occurred due to increase in the level of economic development, favourable social programs and stabilization of demographic situation, демографической ситуации, overall reduction of substance abuse, including parenterally injectable. There is also improvement of material and technical equipment, staffing of infectious and anti-tuberculosis service. It is required to have further study of the epidemic process specificities of socially significant infections (HIV, TB, viral hepatitis) that acquire new features and characteristics during the pandemic of the new coronaviral infection.

A new coronaviral infection in the Russian Federation is registered less in a child treatment than in an adult one. Children’s COVID-19 is mainly asymptomatic or in mild, severe form occurs rarely. The percentage of paediatric-age patients that require in-patient medical care is from 5,7% to 20% of children with COVID-19. However, clinical observations show that children’s COVID-19 may be severe and extremely severe, also resulting in death. A risk group of unsmooth course of the new coronaviral infection is patients with serious comorbide pathology, in particular oncohematological disease, passing radiation, chemotherapy, transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the most frequent paediatric-age oncological disease, may be one of the factors, predisposing to severe course of the new coronaviral infection. However, COVID-19 is likely to cause the deterioration of leukaemia treatment and an adverse outcome. The article presents a clinical observation of a 12-year-old child with a critical form of the new coronaviral infection and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post-transplantation period. The accumulation of COVID-19 was accompanied by deterioration in the underlying disease. Despite high-quality medical care, using modern technologies, the child had progressive deterioration with a poor outcome.

X-ray morphological and clinical picture with three cases of plasmablastic lymphoma among HIV-infected with a distinctive localization of neoplastic process in the head-neck area is observed. Plasmablastic lymphoma is quite a rare pathology, characterized by extremely aggressive course of the disease and multiplicity of damage. Due to this fact, it represents a medical issue, as late diagnosis of the tumor leads to a high frequency of relapse and, accordingly, to poor prognosis.

Introduction. According to expert estimates, most of medicinal products, presented in the pharmaceutical market, are metoo. However, there is no established definition of the term.
The objective of research is to assess the value of medicinal products metoo for the modern society.
Materials and Methods. Systematic observation and analysis of publications, related to medicinal products metoo.
Results and discussion. It was found that despite the spread of medicinal products metoo, this term is not defined in the legal sphere of any country which means there is no judicial system to control the appearance of innovative products in the market, raising doubt about the objectivity of financing, costs refund of medical technologies. Meanwhile, there are possible advantages among the medicinal products metoo, both comparing each other and regarding premium ones in their category.
Conclusion. On the one hand, metoo is considered to be low-innovative medicinal products. However, there can be more effective and safer medicinal products among them, comparing already existing ones in the pharmaceutical market. On the other hand, such a wide spread leads to some obstacles for really innovative products, premium in their category. Therefore, metoo is a pressing issue for the world scientific community.

The article discusses the main points of the form 088/u «Referral for medical and social examination (MSE) by a medical organization: drawn up by specialists of medical organizations (MO), when sending citizens for medical and social examination, causing difficulties in filling out for specialists of the MO and containing the greatest informative for MSE.